FIG. 1.
Graphical illustration of an integrated information analysis in complex systems. Integrated information theory (IIT) can be used to analyze a wide range of complex systems from dynamical systems to cellular automata and empirical data (left). Due to the generality of information-theoretic measures, it can be applied to either real- or discrete-valued data. After a suitable statistical model has been estimated, the system is partitioned following Eq. (2), and effective information is computed for each partition (middle). Finally, the partition with the “cruelest cut” (more formally, the minimum information partition) is selected, and the final value of integrated information Φ is computed (right).