Thixotropy is a phenomenon related to time dependent change in viscosity in the presence or absence of flow. The yield stress, on the other hand, represents the minimum value of stress above which steady flow can be sustained. In addition, the yield stress of a material may also change as a function of time. Both these characteristic features in a material strongly influence the steady state flow curve of the same. This study aims to understand the interrelation between thixotropy, yield stress, and their relation with the flow curve. In this regard, we study five thixotropic materials that show yield stress. The relaxation time of all the five systems shows power-law dependence on aging time with behaviors ranging from weaker than linear, linear to stronger than linear. Furthermore, the elastic modulus and yield stress have been observed to be constant for some systems while time dependent for the others. We also analyze the experimental behavior through a viscoelastic thixotropic structural kinetic model that predicts the observed experimental behavior of constant as well as time-dependent yield stress quite well. These findings indicate that a nonmonotonic steady-state flow curve in a structural kinetic formalism necessarily leads to time-dependent yield stress, while constant yield stress is predicted by a monotonic steady-state flow curve with stress plateau in the limit of low shear rates. The present work, therefore, shows that thixotropic materials may exhibit either monotonic or nonmonotonic flow curves. Consequently, thixotropic materials may show no yield stress, constant yield stress, or time-dependent yield stress.
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See supplementary material at https://www.scitation.org/doi/suppl/10.1122/8.0000558 for additional data on yield stress measurement and creep measurements. Particularly, we plot strain amplitude versus stress amplitude curves for all five systems leading to an alternate method of yield stress estimation. Subsequently, we show inertial creep ringing and a method of obtaining modulus from the same. Finally, we plot creep curves at different stresses and waiting times for the two clay dispersions and demonstrate creep time–aging time superpositions, if any, for the same at different stresses.
© 2023 The Society of Rheology.
2023
The Society of Rheology
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