Whereas devices for measuring the interfacial shear and dilatational rheology are readily available, extensional rheometry at interfaces remains essentially unexplored. However, a setup mimicking a 2D filament stretching rheometer, the Cambridge Interfacial Tensiometer, was proposed for this very purpose [Jones and Middelberg, Chem. Eng. Sci. 57, 1711–1722 (2002)]. In the present work, a framework is presented for analyzing the interfacial flow field in such device for Newtonian interfaces in the presence of Marangoni flows. Based on the dimensionless numbers that govern the interfacial flow field, different dominant flow types can be identified and the sensitivity of the device for measuring the extensional interfacial viscosity is determined. For the flow field to be dominated by extensional deformations, either the Marangoni number or the ratio of dilatational viscosity to shear viscosity should be at least an order of magnitude higher than the Trouton ratio. Using an analysis for Newtonian materials, the contribution to the overall force by the extensional stress can be determined. It should be noted that obtaining these viscosities from the Cambridge Interfacial Tensiometer also requires knowledge of the interfacial shear and dilatational rheology together with the surface pressure isotherm. To test the technique and evaluate the model, experiments on a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine monolayer at an air-water interface have been performed and analyzed.
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September 2012
Research Article|
September 01 2012
Extensional rheometry at interfaces: Analysis of the Cambridge Interfacial Tensiometer
T. Verwijlen;
T. Verwijlen
Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven,
University of Leuven
, W. de Croylaan 46, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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D. L. Leiske;
D. L. Leiske
Department of Chemical Engineering,
Stanford University
, Stanford, California
94305-5025
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P. Moldenaers;
P. Moldenaers
Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven,
University of Leuven
, W. de Croylaan 46, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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J. Vermant;
J. Vermant
a)
Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven,
University of Leuven
, W. de Croylaan 46, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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G. G. Fuller
G. G. Fuller
b)
Department of Chemical Engineering,
Stanford University
, Stanford, California
94305-5025
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a)
Electronic mail: [email protected]
b)
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; electronic mail: [email protected]
J. Rheol. 56, 1225 (2012)
Article history
Received:
February 14 2012
Citation
T. Verwijlen, D. L. Leiske, P. Moldenaers, J. Vermant, G. G. Fuller; Extensional rheometry at interfaces: Analysis of the Cambridge Interfacial Tensiometer. J. Rheol. 1 September 2012; 56 (5): 1225. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.4733717
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