Kerry Emanuel’s Quick Study of hurricane formation (Physics Today, Physics Today 0031-9228 59 8 2006 74 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2349743 August 2006, page 74 ) inevitably lends itself to thoughts about the disruption of those storms. Weakening, as opposed to outright dissipation, might be easier to achieve and ultimately preferable, so that the energy involved can be released in a semicontrolled manner, as opposed to its being shunted elsewhere. Past ideas such as reducing evaporation or artificial upwelling of cold ocean water in the path of a hurricane would be case-by-case, resource-intensive operations that may well reduce storm intensity.
As a more far-fetched thought, have any calculations been undertaken to model a large, space-based sun shade to cut off the solar energy input to a storm system? If the Moon, approximately 3470 km in diameter and orbiting at around 384 500 km from Earth, can cast a shadow some 200 km wide during a solar eclipse, wouldn’t a much smaller structure orbiting closer to Earth be sufficient to completely shade the eye of a typical Atlantic hurricane? Or perhaps more effectively, it could shade the early stages of storm formation farther out in the ocean. Using these approximate eclipse values to determine a working relationship between shade structure size, orbital height, and desired ground shadow yields roughly a 65-km-wide structure in Earth orbit at 3200 km. A real-world test of that relationship might be possible if there exist historic wind measurements observed during the timely intersection of hurricane and solar eclipse paths.
Granted, boosting the appropriately sized shade into orbit would be costly, but it could be used on numerous storms. Composed of ultrathin sections, each rigged with narrow, inflatable spars to create rigidity, a circular structure could be unfurled like an umbrella while a square structure could be unrolled. As with any space structure, the shade would wear with time, but even punctures from micrometeors or space junk would not necessarily degrade performance. Each section could be replaceable, and the spars self-sealing. Given the current state of materials science, this idea does not seem out of the realm of possibility. However, total weight might be problematic and necessitate multiple launches. Once it is deployed, common satellite systems could maintain it in geosynchronous orbit and allow for steering and tilting for variable storm tracks. A geostationary orbit might be optimal but unlikely due to limited real estate in that orbit and to the size of the shade.
