Steven Weinberg writes, “Einstein rejected the notion that the laws of physics could deal with probabilities, famously decreeing that God does not play dice with the cosmos. But history gave its verdict against Einstein—quantum mechanics went on from success to success, leaving Einstein on the sidelines.”
Einstein did not reject quantum theory merely because it is probabilistic. He wrote: “There is no doubt that quantum mechanics has seized hold of a beautiful element of truth, and that it will be a test stone for any future theoretical basis.” 1 Nor was Einstein unilaterally opposed to God playing dice. He expected God to either play dice all the way or not at all. If individual events were totally undetermined, then the overall events should also be undetermined, and not display remarkable regularity. “In for the penny, in for the pound,” he wrote. Thus, a more accurate quote from Einstein about God and dice playing is the following:
“That the Lord should play with dice, all right; but that He should gamble according to definite rules, that is beyond me.” 1
