Duality Demonstrated on D‐Branes

Juan Maldacena made clear the duality between two very different types of theories by formulating them both in terms of strange topological structures Known as D‐branes. D‐branes are a subset of a larger class of objects known as p‐branes (p is the object's spatial dimension), which are distortions of spacetime geometry, rather like dislocations in a crystal. If $p = 2,$ the p‐brane is an ordinary two‐dimensional sheet, or membrane; if $p = 1,$ it's a string and if $p = 0,$ a point particle.