Since the early 1980s, theoreticians of various stripes have been carrying on a lively discussion about how and why one might build a quantum mechanical computer. (See the article by Charles H. Bennett, PHYSICS today, October 1995, page 24.) Now the appearance of two back‐to‐back papers in the 18 December issue of Physical Review Letters, reporting the demonstration of experimental “quantum logic gates,” has focused the discussion onto the physics laboratory.

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