After nearly two decades of research in fiber‐optics technology, what could possibly remain to be discovered? Clearly, the design of optical fibers cannot be improved forever. With current technology, fibers can transmit infrared (1.5‐micron wavelength) light pulses in a single electromagnetic mode with a minimal power loss of 5% per kilometer and without dispersion; such performance is forever fixed by Maxwell's equations and the physics of silica glass waveguides. Yet the field of fiber optics still reserves some surprises. Indeed, the past few years have seen stunning developments in reaction to advances in rare‐earth‐doped fiber amplifiers and nonlinear (or soliton) pulse propagation in fibers.
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