Almost all of our information about the universe beyond Earth comes from photons—visible photons from stars, xray photons from hot plasmas, radio photons from the 21‐cm hyperfine transition in hydrogen, microwave photons from the cosmic background radiation and so forth.
REFERENCES
1.
For discussions of dark matter, see
M.
Turner
, Physica Scripta
T36
, 167
(1991
);D. Lynden‐Bell, G. Gilmore, eds., Baryonic Dark Matter, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (1990);
E. W. Kolb, M. S. Turner, The Early Universe, Addison‐Wesley, Redwood City, Calif. (1990);
J. Kormendy, G. R. Knapp, eds., Dark Matter in the Universe, Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (1987).
2.
W. Gliese, H. Jahreiss, A. R. Upgren, in The Galaxy and the Solar System, R. Smoluchowski, J. N. Bahcall, M. S. Matthews, eds., U. Arizona P., Tucson (1986), p. 13.
3.
L. A. Nelson, in Baryonic Dark Matter, D. Lynden‐Bell, G. Gilmore, eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (1990), p. 67.
4.
For an introduction to the dynamics of stellar systems, see J. J. Binney, S. Tremaine, Galactic Dynamics, Princeton U.P., Princeton, N.J. (1987).
5.
J. N. Bahcall, C. Flynn, A. Gould, Astrophys. J., in press.
6.
For a review of estimates of the Hubble constant, see
S. van den
Bergh
, Astron. Astrophys. Rev.
1
, 111
(1989
).7.
Early papers that recognized the need for dark mass in disk galaxies include
K. C.
Freeman
, Astrophys. J.
160
, 811
(1970
);J. P.
Ostriker
, P. J. E.
Peebles
, A.
Yahil
, Astrophys. J. Lett.
193
, L1
(1974
). 8.
D.
Zaritsky
, E. W.
Olszewski
, R. A.
Schommer
, R. C.
Peterson
, M.
Aaronson
, Astrophys. J.
345
, 759
(1989
).9.
For a review of clusters of galaxies, see
C.
Sarazin
, Rev. Mod. Phys.
58
, 1
(1986
).10.
A. G.
Bergmann
, V.
Petrosian
, R.
Lynds
, Astrophys. J.
350
, 23
(1990
).J. A.
Tyson
, F.
Valdes
, R. A.
Wenk
, Astrophys. J. Lett.
349
, L1
(1990
).For an introduction to gravitational lenses, see R. D. Blandford, C. S. Kochanek, in Dark Matter in the Universe, J. Bahcall, T. Piran, S. Weinberg, eds., World Scientific, Singapore (1987), p. 133;
11.
For discussions of FRW cosmology, see R. M. Wald, General Relativity, U. Chicago P., Chicago (1984);
S. Weinberg, Gravitation and Cosmology, Wiley, New York (1972).
12.
S. M.
Carroll
, W. H.
Press
, E. L.
Turner
, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
30
(1992
), in press.13.
G.
Efstathiou
, R. S.
Ellis
, B. A.
Peterson
, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
232
, 431
(1988
).J. Loveday, B. A. Peterson, G. Efstathiou, S. J. Maddox, to appear in Astrophys. J. (1992).
14.
For reviews of inflation, see
R. H.
Brandenberger
, Rev. Mod. Phys.
57
, 1
(1985
);A. Guth, in Inner Space/Outer Space, E. W. Kolb, M. S. Turner, D. Lindley, K. Olive, D. Seckel, eds., U. Chicago P., Chicago (1986), p. 287;
W. H. Press, D. N. Spergel, in Dark Matter in the Universe, J. Bahcall, T. Piran, S. Weinberg, eds., World Scientific, Singapore (1987), p. 197.
15.
D. VandenBerg, in The Extragalactic Distance Scale, S. van den Bergh, C. Pritchet, eds., Astron. Soc. Pacific, San Francisco (1988), p. 187.
16.
17.
P. J. E. Peebles, The Large‐Scale Structure of the Universe, Princeton U.P., Princeton, N.J. (1980).
D. Lynden‐Bell, O. Lahav, in Large‐Scale Motions in the Universe, V. C. Rubin, G. V. Coyne, eds., Princeton U.P., Princeton, N.J. (1988), p. 199.
18.
R. T.
Harmon
, O.
Lahav
, E. J. A.
Meurs
, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
228
, 5p
(1987
).19.
A. Yahil, in Particle Astrophysics, J.‐M. Alimi, A. Blanchard A. Bouquet, F. M. de Volnay, J. T.T. Van, eds., Editions Frontiéres, Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France (1990), p. 483.
20.
N.
Kaiser
, G.
Efstathiou
, R.
Ellis
, C.
Frenk
, A.
Lawrence
, M.
Rowan‐Robinson
, W.
Saunders
, Mon. Not. R. AstrSoc.
252
, 1
(1991
).21.
T. P.
Walker
, G.
Steigman
, D. N.
Schramm
, K. A.
Olive
, H.–S.
Kang
, Astrophys. J.
376
, 51
(1991
).22.
J. R.
Primack
, D.
Seckel
, B.
Sadoulet
, Annu. Rev.Nucl. Part Sci.
38
, 751
(1988
).23.
J. Bekenstein, in Proc. 2nd Canadian Conf. on General Relativity and Relativistic Astrophysics, A. Coley, C. Dyer, T Tupper, eds., World Scientific, Singapore (1988), p. 68.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 1992 American Institute of Physics.
1992
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.
