Almost a hundred years ago, Osborne Reynolds carried out a simple experiment. He filled a leather bag with marbles, topped it with water and then twisted it, thereby inducing a shear. The water level drops because the close packing of the marbles is disrupted as layers of marbles slide over each other during the twisting motion; as a result the marbles are further apart on average, creating space that the water has to fill.
Topics
Physicists
REFERENCES
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See, for example, J. Kestin, A Course in Thermodynamics, Blaisdell, Waltham, Mass. (1966), chapter 8.
5.
C. A. Truesdell, Rheology Volume 1, Astarita, G. Marrucci, L. Nicolais, eds., Plenum, New York, (1980) page 1.
6.
J. Frenkel, Kinetic Theory of Liquids, Dover, New York, (1955) chapter 4.
7.
G. Harrison, The Dynamic Properties of Supercooled Liquids, Academic, London, (1976).
8.
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© 1984 American Institute of Physics.
1984
American Institute of Physics
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