A solid surface is characterized in the same way as any solid or molecule. We must determine the chemical identity of the atoms present, the geometrical arrangement of these atoms and the distributions of electrons surrounding these atoms, both in energy and space. This characterization of the static surface is the first step in understanding the dynamics of the interaction of the surface with external systems such as atoms, molecules, photons or other surfaces.
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© 1975 American Institute of Physics.
1975
American Institute of Physics
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