The primary function of very high and ultrahigh vacuum equipment is to provide an environment that is superbly nonreactive: so neutral that molecular, electron and other submolecular beams can travel uninhibited; that chemically reactive metals can be heated to any temperature and be improved rather than degraded; that physiochemical reactions can be precisely controlled without contamination problems.

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A. C. Phillips, Welding Handbook, American Welding Society (1958) page 27.3.
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© 1972 American Institute of Physics.
1972
American Institute of Physics
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