Water molecules have been found in the interstellar medium and appear to be acting like masers, according to a research team at Berkeley (Albert C. Cheung, David Rank, Charles Townes, Douglas Thornton, William Welch) and the Naval Research Laboratory (Cornell Mayer and Stephen Knowles). By microwave observations with the 20‐foot Hat Creek radio telescope and then the 85‐foot NRL radio telescope, which gave more directivity, the group found water in eight different regions (Nature221, 626, 1969 and Science 163, 1055, 1969).

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