IN RECENT YEARS the active frontiers of cosmology have widened and certain aspects of the subject are attracting more attention from physicists. Growing emphasis on physics has been stimulated by discovery of the universal black‐body radiation and by growing realization that the composition of the universe was once extremely complex.

1.
W.
Rindler
,
PHYSICS TODAY
20
, no.
11
,
23
(
1967
).
2.
G.
Lemaître
,
Nature
127
,
706
(
1931
).
3.
G. Lemaître, Revue des Questions Scientifiques, November 1931, quoted in ref, 6.
4.
G. Lemaître, The Primeval Atom, Van Nostrand, New York (1950).
5.
G. Lemaître, “The Primaeval Atom Hypothesis,” p. 1 in La Structure et l'Evolution de l'Universe, Institut International de Physique Solvay, Brussels, Belgium (1958).
6.
C. F.
von Weizsäcker
,
Z. Physik
39
,
633
(
1938
).
7.
M. G.
Mayer
,
E.
Teller
,
Phys. Rev.
76
,
1226
(
1949
).
8.
R. E.
Peierls
,
K. S.
Singwi
,
D.
Wroe
,
Phys. Rev.
87
,
46
(
1952
).
9.
G.
Gamow
,
Rev. Mod. Phys.
21
,
367
(
1949
).
10.
G. Gamow, Creation of the Universe, Viking Press, New York (1952).
11.
G. Gamow in Vistas in Astronomy (A. Beer, ed.) Pergamon, London (1956) vol. 2, p. 1726.
12.
R. A.
Alpher
,
Phys. Rev.
74
,
1577
(
1948
).
13.
P. J. E. Peebles, Lecture notes on cosmology, to be published by the University of Toronto Press.
14.
G.
Gamow
,
Phys. Rev.
74
,
505
(
1948
);
G.
Gamow
,
Nature
162
,
680
(
1948
).
15.
R. A.
Alpher
,
H. A.
Bethe
,
G.
Gamow
,
Phys. Rev.
73
,
803
(
1948
).
16.
R. A.
Alpher
,
Phys. Rev.
74
,
1577
(
1948
).
17.
R. A.
Alpher
,
R.
Herman
,
Phys. Rev.
74
,
1737
(
1948
);
R. A.
Alpher
,
R.
Herman
,
Nature
162
,
774
(
1948
);
R. A.
Alpher
,
R.
Herman
,
Phys. Rev.
75
,
1089
(
1949
).
18.
R. A.
Alpher
,
R.
Herman
,
Rev. Mod. Phys.
22
,
153
(
1950
).
19.
R. A.
Alpher
,
R.
Herman
,
Phys. Rev.
84
,
60
(
1951
).
20.
R. A.
Alpher
,
R.
Herman
,
G.
Gamow
,
Phys. Rev.
74
,
1198
(
1948
);
R. A.
Alpher
,
R.
Herman
,
G.
Gamow
,
75
,
701
(
1949
); ,
Phys. Rev.
R. A.
Alpher
,
R.
Herman
,
G.
Gamow
,
75
,
332A
(
1949
).,
Phys. Rev.
21.
R. A.
Alpher
,
G.
Gamow
,
R.
Herman
,
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
58
,
2179
(
1967
).
22.
G.
Lemaître
,
Annales de la Société Scientifique de Bruxelles
47A
,
49
(
1927
);
G.
Lemaître
,
Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands
5
, no.
200
(
1930
);
G.
Lemaître
,
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
95
,
483
(
1931
).
23.
A. D.
Chernin
,
Soviet Astron.‐AJ
9
,
871
(
1966
);
C. B. G.
McIntosh
,
Nature
215
,
36
(
1967
);
K. C.
Jacobs
,
Nature
215
,
1156
(
1967
);
J. M.
Cohen
,
Nature
216
,
249
(
1967
).
24.
W.
de Sitter
,
Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands
5
, no.
193
(
1930
);
R. C. Tolman, Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1934), pp. 404–411;
R. A.
Alpher
,
R. C.
Herman
,
Phys. Rev.
75
,
1089
(
1949
).
25.
R. C.
Tolman
,
Phys. Rev.
37
,
1639
(
1931
);
Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology, Clarendon Press, Oxford, (1934), chap. 9.
26.
A. A.
Penzias
,
R. W.
Wilson
,
Astrophys. J.
142
,
419
(
1965
).
27.
P. G.
Roll
,
D. T.
Wilkinson
,
Phys. Rev. Letters
16
,
405
(
1966
);
G. B.
Field
,
J. L.
Hitchcock
,
Phys. Rev. Letters
16
,
817
(
1966
);
P.
Thaddeus
,
J. F.
Clauser
,
Phys. Rev. Letters
16
,
819
(
1966
);
T. F.
Howell
,
J. R.
Shakeshaft
,
Nature
210
,
1318
(
1966
);
W. J.
Welch
,
S.
Keachie
,
D. D.
Thornton
,
G.
Wrixon
,
Phys. Rev. Letters
18
,
1068
(
1967
);
D. T.
Wilkinson
,
Phys. Rev. Letters
19
,
1195
(
1967
);
R. A.
Stokes
,
R. B.
Partridge
,
D. T.
Wilkinson
,
Phys. Rev. Letters
19
,
1199
(
1967
).
28.
R. H.
Dicke
,
P. J. E.
Peebles
,
P. G.
Roll
,
D. T.
Wilkinson
,
Astrophys. J.
142
,
414
(
1965
).
29.
Ya. B.
Zeldovich
,
Soviet Phys.‐JETP
16
,
1102
(
1962
).
30.
H. P.
Robertson
,
Rev. Mod. Phys.
5
,
62
(
1933
).
31.
H. Bondi, Cosmology, Cambridge University Press, London (1961).
32.
Ya. B. Zeldovich in Advances in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academic Press, New York (1965), vol. 3, p. 241.
33.
I. D.
Novikov
,
Ya. B.
Zeldovich
in
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
, Palo Alto, Calif.
5
,
627
(
1967
).
34.
J. D. North, Measure of the Universe, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1965).
35.
E. R.
Harrison
,
Nature
204
,
271
(
1964
);
E. R.
Harrison
,
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
131
,
1
(
1965
);
E. R.
Harrison
,
Ann. Phys. (N.Y.)
35
,
437
(
1965
).
36.
E.
Hubble
,
R. C.
Tolman
,
Astrophys. J.
82
,
302
(
1935
).
37.
Ya. B.
Zeldovich
,
Soviet Phys.‐Usp.
9
,
602
(
1967
).
38.
R.
Weyman
,
Astrophys. J.
145
,
560
(
1966
).
39.
P. J. E. Peebles (to be published).
40.
E. R.
Harrison
,
Phys. Rev.
167
,
1170
(
1968
).
41.
H. Y.
Chin
,
Phys. Rev. Letters
17
,
712
(
1966
).
42.
J. A.
Wheeler
,
Ann. Phys. (N.Y.)
2
,
604
(
1957
).
43.
E. R.
Harrison
,
Nature
215
,
151
(
1967
).
44.
R. A.
Alpher
,
J. W.
Follin
,
R. C.
Herman
,
Phys. Rev.
92
,
1347
(
1953
).
45.
J. N.
Bahcall
,
Phys. Rev.
136
,
B1165
(
1964
).
46.
R. A.
Alpher
,
R. C.
Herman
,
Rev. Mod. Phys.
22
,
153
(
1950
);
Ya. N.
Smirnov
,
Soviet Astron.‐AJ
8
,
864
(
1965
);
P. J. E.
Peebles
,
Phys. Rev. Letters
16
,
410
(
1966
);
P. J. E.
Peebles
,
Astrophys. J.
146
,
542
(
1966
);
R. V.
Wagoner
,
W. A.
Fowler
,
F.
Hoyle
,
Astrophys. J.
148
,
3
(
1967
);
R. V.
Wagoner
,
Science
155
,
1369
(
1967
).
47.
S. W.
Hawking
,
R. J.
Taylor
,
Nature
209
,
1278
(
1966
);
R. K.
Sachs
,
A. M.
Wolfe
,
Astrophys. J.
147
,
73
(
1967
);
K. S.
Thorne
,
Astrophys. J.
148
,
51
(
1967
).
48.
R. H. Dicke (to be published).
49.
R. B.
Partridge
,
D. T.
Wilkinson
,
Phys. Rev. Letters
18
,
557
(
1967
).
50.
H. Reeves in Steller Structure, (L. H. Aller, D. B. McLaughlin, eds.) University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1965), p. 150.
51.
A. S. Eddington, Fundamental Theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1953), pp. 9, 10.
52.
D.
Layzer
in
Annual Reviews' of Astronomy and Astrophysics?
2
,
341
(
1964
);
Ya. B.
Zeldovich
in
Advances in Astronomy and Astrophysics
3
,
242
(
1965
);
E. R.
Harrison
,
Rev. Mod. Phys.
39
,
862
(
1967
).
53.
E. R.
Harrison
,
Memoires Société Royale des Sciences de Liège
15
,
15
(
1967
).
54.
J. H. Jeans, Astronomy and Cosmogony, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1929), p. 352.
55.
E.
Lifshitz
,
J. Phys. (USSR)
10
,
116
(
1946
).
56.
W. B.
Bonnor
,
Z. Astrophys.
39
,
143
(
1956
);
W. B.
Bonnor
,
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
117
,
104
(
1957
).
57.
S. W.
Hawking
,
Astrophys. J.
145
,
544
(
1966
).
58.
R. K.
Sachs
,
A. M.
Wolfe
,
Astrophys. J.
147
,
73
(
1967
).
59.
P. J. E.
Peebles
,
Astrophys. J.
42
,
1317
(
1965
);
P. J. E.
Peebles
,
147
,
859
(
1967
).,
Astrophys. J.
60.
E. R.
Harrison
,
Phys. Rev. Letters
18
,
1011
(
1967
).
61.
R. A.
Alpher
,
R. C.
Herman
,
Science
128
,
904
(
1958
).
62.
E. R. Harrison (to be published).
63.
A.
Schuster
,
Nature
58
,
367
,
618
(
1898
).
64.
G. R.
Burbidge
,
F.
Hoyle
,
Nuovo Cimento
4
,
558
(
1956
);
G. R.
Burbidge
,
Astrophys. J.
124
,
416
(
1956
);
M.
Goldhaber
,
Science
124
,
218
(
1956
);
H.
Alfvén
,
O.
Klein
,
Arkiv Fysik
23
,
187
(
1962
);
H.
Alfvén
,
Rev. Mod. Phys.
37
,
652
(
1965
);
O.
Klein
,
Nature
211
,
1337
(
1966
).
65.
N. A.
Vlasov
,
Soviet Astron.‐AJ
8
,
715
(
1965
);
G. G. Fazio in Annual physics, Palo Alto, Calif., vol 5, p. 481 (1967).
66.
Ref. 5, Quoted in ref. 10, p. 53.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.