IN SEPTEMBER 1946 the American Physical Society met in midtown Manhattan. In the minutes of this meeting we read that it “was confined to papers on three topics: cosmic‐ray phenomena, theories of elementary particles and the design and operation of accelerators of nuclear particles and electrons. Disparate as these three subjects may appear to be, the trend of physics is rapidly uniting them.”

1.
Phys. Rev.
70
,
784
(
1946
).
2.
H. A.
Bethe
,
J. R.
Oppenheimer
,
Phys. Rev.
76
,
451
,
796
(
1946
).
3.
J. R.
Oppenheimer
,
Phys. Rev.
71
,
462
(
1947
).
4.
H. W.
Lewis
,
J. R.
Oppenheimer
,
S. A.
Wouthuysen
,
Phys. Rev.
73
,
127
(
1948
).
5.
M.
Conversi
,
E.
Pancini
,
O.
Piccioni
,
Phys. Rev.
71
,
209
,
557
(
1947
).
6.
The statement that “the particle with mass determined from the range of nuclear forces is the Yukawa particle and not the meson found in cosmic rays” appears first, I believe, in
S.
Sakata
and
T.
Inoue
,
Progress of Th. Physics
,
1
,
143
(
1946
).
The Shelter Island discussions led to the paper by
R. E.
Marshak
and
H. A.
Bethe
,
Phys. Rev.
72
,
506
(
1947
).
The Japanese paper did not reach the US until early 1948;
see R. E. Marshak in Proc. Kyoto Conf., 1965, p. 180.
7.
W. E.
Lamb
,
R. C.
Retherford
,
Phys. Phys. Rev.
71
,
914
(
1947
).
8.
J. E.
Nafe
,
E. B.
Nelson
,
I. I.
Rabi
,
Phys. Rev.
71
,
914
(
1947
).
See also
G.
Breit
,
Phys. Rev.
72
,
984
(
1947
);
H. M.
Foley
,
P.
Kusch
,
Phys. Rev.
72
,
1256
(
1947
);
H. M.
Foley
,
P.
Kusch
,
73
,
412
(
1948
); ,
Phys. Rev.
G.
Breit
,
Phys. Rev.
74
,
656
(
1948
).
9.
J. R.
Oppenheimer
,
Phys. Rev.
35
,
461
(
1930
).
10.
P. A. M. Dirac, Proc. of the Seventh Solvay Conference (1934).
11.
W. H.
Furry
,
J. R.
Oppenheimer
,
Phys. Rev.
45
,
245
(
1934
).
12.
See
H. A.
Bethe
,
Phys. Rev.
72
,
339
(
1947
).
13.
H. W.
Lewis
,
Phys. Rev.
73
,
173
(
1946
).
14.
From the unpublished manuscript of the Richtmyer lecture, see reference 3.
15.
J. R. Oppenheimer, “Knowledge and the Structure of Culture,” The Helen Kenyon Lecture, Vassar College (October 1958).
16.
“The Age of Science: 1900–1950” The Scientific American (September 1950).
17.
See also the comments by J. R. Oppenheimer in “US Atomic Energy Commission: In the Matter of J. R. Oppenheimer.” (Transcript of hearing before Personnel Security Board.) Washington, D.C. (1954), page 26.
18.
J. R. Oppenheimer, “On Science and Culture,” Encounter (October 1962).
19.
J. R. Oppenheimer, in “Perspectives of Modern Physics,” Essays in honor of H. A. Bethe, Interscience, New York (1966).
20.
J. R. Oppenheimer “Science, values and the human community” Fulbright Conference on Higher Education, Sarah Lawrence College (June 1957).
21.
J. R. Oppenheimer, “Science and the Common Understanding,” The BBC Reith Lectures, Oxford University Press, London (1954).
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