The osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under laboratory conditions. The impact of a 915 nm diode laser at doses of 1.4, 2, 3.1, and 4 J/cm2, with irradiation time of 5, 7, 11, and 14 s, was assessed on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by evaluating alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition assessed by alizarin red-S staining, and the gene expression of Osteopontin and Osteocalcin by real-time polymerase chain reactions. The cells exposed to irradiation exhibited peak levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, along with increased gene expression of Osteopontin and Osteocalcin, particularly at a dose of 4 J/cm2. Also, the highest intensity of alizarin red staining was observed at doses of 3.1 and 4 J/cm2 as analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P < 0.05). The utilization of alow-level 915 nm diode laser at 4 J/cm2 has the potential to modulate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by enhancing the expression of osteogenic markers suggesting the potential clinical application of photobiomodulation. These findings indicate potential therapeutic applications in promoting bone regeneration, accelerating healing in periodontal and dental implant procedures, and treating bone-related defects in clinical practice.
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