The addition of active elements during cladding will affect the molten pool flow, and different concentrations have different flow states. In this paper, a numerical model of heat-flow coupling in the ASTM 1045 laser cladding Fe60 process was established and the effects of different concentrations of S, O, and Se elements on the molten pool flow state were calculated and revealed. The results show that there is a critical concentration (CC) when the active element affects the molten pool flow. When the concentration is lower than CC, the flow direction of the melt in the molten pool is from the center to the edge. With the increase in concentration, the flow velocity of the molten pool gradually decreases. When the concentration of active elements reaches CC, the flow direction of the melt changes, but the concentration will make the molten pool flow disorderly appear. The concentration at which the melt flow direction begins to change is called the initial critical concentration (ICC), and the concentration at the end of the change in the melt flow direction (completely reversed) is called the perfect critical concentration (PCC). In the experiment, ICC and PCC intervals are not suitable for concentration selection. When the concentration of active elements exceeds PCC, the flow direction of molten pool does not change. The flow velocity of the molten pool gradually increases with the increase in the active element concentration. The morphology and microstructure of the cladding layer were analyzed with the same technological parameters. The effectiveness of numerical simulation is verified.
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February 2025
Research Article|
January 15 2025
Influencing mechanism of the active elements on the surface tension of the laser cladding molten pool and the determination of the critical concentration
Yichang Sun
;
Yichang Sun
(Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing)
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
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Chang Li
;
Chang Li
a)
(Conceptualization, Funding acquisition)
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; electronic mail: [email protected]
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Xuan Wang;
Xuan Wang
(Data curation, Formal analysis)
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
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Han Sun
;
Han Sun
(Investigation, Methodology)
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
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Shuchao Li;
Shuchao Li
(Project administration, Resources)
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
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Xing Han
Xing Han
(Supervision, Validation)
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, China
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; electronic mail: [email protected]
J. Laser Appl. 37, 012024 (2025)
Article history
Received:
September 03 2024
Accepted:
December 28 2024
Citation
Yichang Sun, Chang Li, Xuan Wang, Han Sun, Shuchao Li, Xing Han; Influencing mechanism of the active elements on the surface tension of the laser cladding molten pool and the determination of the critical concentration. J. Laser Appl. 1 February 2025; 37 (1): 012024. https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001676
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