A titanium alloy (Ti64) has α + β crystal orientations, and the β phase mainly appears in the SLM process since Ti64 melts above 1600 °C by laser irradiation and then solidifies. In order to control the crystal orientation and crystal grain size, the modulated pulse of laser was employed to control the heat input energy of laser in the SLM process in this study. After fabrication, the sample was cut to measure the Vickers hardness which was compared with that of the commercial Ti and Ti64; the continuous wave (CW) laser fabricated sample had a value close to that of pure Ti, and the fabricated sample using modulated pulse of laser had a value close to Ti64. It was considered that a phase was formed by using a CW laser and the α + β phase was formed by using modulated pulse of laser, suggesting the possibility of controlling the material structure by controlling the heat input of one layer which was formed by these processes.
REFERENCES
1.
I.
Egry
, D.
Holland-Moritz
, R.
Novakvic
, E.
Ricci
, R.
Wunderlich
, and N.
Sobczak
, “Thermophysical properties of liquid ALTi-based alloys
,” Int. J. Thermophys.
31
, 949
–965
(2010
). 2.
P.
Vlcak
, F.
Cerny
, J.
Drahokoupil
, J.
Sepitka
, and Z.
Tolde
, “The microstructure and surface hardness of Ti6Al4V alloy implanted with nitrogen ions at an elevated temperature
,” J. Alloys Compd.
620
, 48
–54
(2015
). 3.
A. H.
Liu
, B. S.
Li
, D. G.
Yan
, and J. J.
Guo
, “Wettability on Ti6Al4V on calcia-stabilized zirconia
,” Mater. Lett.
73
, 40
–42
(2012
). 4.
M.
Boivineau
, C.
Cagran
, D.
Doytier
, V.
Eyraud
, M. H.
Nadal
, B.
Wilthan
, and G.
Pottlacher
, “Thermophysical properties of solid and liquid Ti-6Al-4V (TA6V) alloy
,” Int. J. Thermophys.
27
, 507
–529
(2006
). 5.
B.
Vinet
, J. P.
Garandet
, B.
Marie
, L.
Domergue
, and B.
Drevet
, “Surface tension measurements on industrial alloy by the drop-weight method
,” Int. J. Thermophys.
25
, 869
–883
(2004
). 6.
S.
Schneider
, I.
Egry
, and I.
Seyhan
, “Measurement of the surface tension of undercooled liquid Ti90Al6V4 by the oscillating drop technique”
,” Int. J. Thermophys.
23
, 1241
–1248
(2002
). 7.
X.
Liu
, P. K.
Chu
, and C.
Ding
, “Surface modification of titanium alloys, and related materials for medical applications
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. R
47
, 49
–121
(2004
). 8.
R. M.
Saoubi
, D.
Axinte
, S. L.
Soo
, C.
Nobel
, H.
Attia
, G.
Kappmeyer
, S.
Engin
, and W. M.
Sim
, “Hogh performance cutting of advanced aerospace alloys and composite materials
,” CIRP Ann.
64
, 557
–580
(2015
). 9.
R.
Kumar
, O.
Prakash
, and U.
Ramamurty
, “Micro-and meso-structures and their influence on mechanical properties of selectively laser melted Ti-6Al-4V
,” Acta Mater.
154
, 246
–260
(2018
). 10.
A.
Devaraj
, V. V.
Joshi
, A.
Srivastava
, S.
Manandhar
, V.
Moxson
, V. A.
Duz
, and C.
Lavender
, “A low-cost hierarchical nanostructured beta-titanium alloy with high strength
,” Nat. Commun.
7
, 1
–8
(2016
). 11.
W. E.
Frazier
, “Metal additive manufacturing, a review
,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform.
23
, 1917
–1928
(2014
). 12.
H. L.
Marcus
, J. W.
Barlow
, J. J.
Beaman
, and D. L.
Bourell
, “From computer to component in 15 minutes: The integrated manufacture of three-dimensional objects
,” JOM
42
, 8
–10
(1990
). 13.
E. C.
Santos
, M.
Shiomi
, K.
Osakada
, and T.
Laoui
, “Rapid manufacturing of metal components by laser forming
,” Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.
46
, 1459
–1468
(2006
). 14.
B.
Zhang
, N. E.
Feinech
, H. L.
Liao
, and C.
Coddet
, “Microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe-Ni alloy fabricated by selective laser melting Fe/Ni mixed powders
,” J. Mater. Sci. Technol.
29
, 757
–760
(2013
). 15.
D.
Gu
, Y.
Shen
, and Z.
Lu
, “Preparation of TiN-Ti5Si3 in situ composites by selective laser melting
,” Mater. Lett.
63
, 1577
–1579
(2009
). 16.
Z.
Wang
, K.
Guan
, M.
Gao
, X.
Li
, X.
Chen
, and X.
Zeng
, “The microstructure and mechanical properties of deposited—IN718 by selective laser melting
,” J. Alloys Compd.
513
, 518
–523
(2012
). 17.
Q.
Jia
and G.
Dongdong
, “Selective laser melting additive manufacturing of inconel718 super alloy parts: Densification, microstructure and properties
,” J. Alloys Compd.
585
, 713
–721
(2014
). 18.
I.
Yadroitsev
, P.
Krakhmalev
, I.
Yadroitsava
, S.
Johansson
, and I.
Smurov
, “Energy input effect on morphology and microstructure of selective laser melting single track from metallic powder
,” J. Mater. Process. Technol.
213
, 606
–613
(2013
). 19.
J. P.
Kruth
, L.
Froyen
, J. V.
Vaerenbergh
, P.
Mercelis
, M.
Rombouts
, and B.
Lauwers
, “Selective laser melting of iron-based powder
,” J. Mater. Process. Technol.
149
, 616
–622
(2004
). 20.
M.
Cloots
, P. J.
Uggowitzer
, and K.
Wegener
, “Investigations on the microstructure and crack formation of IN738LC samples processed by selective laser melting using Gaussian and doughnut profiles
,” Mater. Des.
89
, 770
–784
(2016
). 21.
D. D.
Gu
, W.
Meiners
, K.
Wissenbach
, and R.
Poprawe
, “Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms
,” Int. Mater. Rev.
57
, 133
–164
(2012
). 22.
M. J.
Matthews
, G.
Guss
, S. A.
Khairallah
, A. M.
Rubenchik
, P. J.
Depond
, and W. E.
King
, “Denudation of metal powder layers in laser powder bed fusion processes
,” Acta Mater.
114
, 33
–42
(2016
). 23.
Y.
Sakurai
and K.
Kakehi
, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V parts build by selective laser melting
,” J. Jpn. Inst. Met. Mater.
81
, 120
–126
(2017
). 24.
W.
Xu
, E. W.
Lui
, A.
Pateras
, M.
Qian
, and M.
Brandt
, “In situ tailoring microstructure in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V for superior mechanical performance
,” Acta Mater.
125
, 390
–400
(2017
). 25.
E.
Sallica-Leva
, A. L.
Jardini
, and J. B.
Fogagnolo
, “Microstructure and mechanical behavior of porous Ti–6Al–4V parts obtained by selective laser melting
,” J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater.
26
, 98
–108
(2013
). 26.
C.
Qiu
, N. J. E.
Adkins
, and M. M.
Attallah
, “Microstructure and tensile properties of selectively laser-melted and of HIPed laser-melted Ti-6Al-4V
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A
578
, 230
–239
(2013
). 27.
S.
Hamai
and Y.
Sugiura
, “Effect of β-region heat treatment conditions on mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V
,” Tetsu-to-Hagane
78
, 125
–132
(1992
). 28.
Y.
Sato
, M.
Tsukamoto
, S.
Masuno
, Y.
Yamashita
, D.
Tanigawa
, and N.
Abe
, “Investigation of the microstructure and surface morphology of a Ti6Al4 V plate fabricated by vacuum selective laser melting
,” Appl. Phys. A
122
, 439
–443
(2016
). 29.
Y.
Sato
, M.
Tsukamoto
, and Y.
Yamashita
, “Surface morphology of Ti-6Al-4V plate fabricated by vacuum selective laser melting
,” Appl. Phys. B
119
, 545
–549
(2015
). © 2020 Author(s).
2020
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
