Lightweight and functional integration are two major drivers for additive manufacturing technologies. In order to integrate functionality, the use of smart materials like Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys (SMAs) is a constructive approach. Generally, shape memory alloys are hard to machine and at the same time expensive materials. In this context, additive manufacturing processes like laser metal deposition are reasonable technologies to process these materials as the used powder can be recycled and near net shape geometry can be generated due to a layer-by-layer build-up process. For actuator applications, it might be reasonable to use hybrid systems, meaning just certain sections of a part are made of a shape memory material. One possible example is a NiTi shape memory element on a Ti sheet metal. Due to the varying coefficients of thermal expansion, a dissimilar build-up by means of laser metal deposition without any defects like cracks is challenging. In this paper, an approach that applies preheating is presented to generate SMA elements additively on dissimilar substrates by means of laser metal deposition. Subject of investigations are varying process parameter combinations (e.g., laser power, feed rate, and powder mass flow) and varying preheating temperatures. Based on metallographic analyses, the generated samples are evaluated. Major objective of these analyses are a defect free connection. Additionally, the forming microstructure and the occurring dilution zone are analyzed. In order to characterize the influence of different preheating strategies on the hardness and on the transformations temperatures of the generated parts, the results of hardness measurements and differential scanning calorimetry measurements are presented.
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May 2017
Research Article|
May 26 2017
Laser metal deposition of NiTi shape memory alloy on Ti sheet metal: Influence of preheating on dissimilar build-up
Christian Scheitler;
Christian Scheitler
a)
Institute of Photonic Technologies,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Oliver Hentschel;
Oliver Hentschel
Institute of Photonic Technologies,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Thomas Krebs;
Thomas Krebs
Institute of Photonic Technologies,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Konstantin Yu. Nagulin;
Konstantin Yu. Nagulin
Kazan National Research Technical University named after AN Tupolev – KAI
, Karl Marx Street 10, 420111 Kazan, Russia
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Michael Schmidt
Michael Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
and Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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a)
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; electronic mail: christian.scheitler@lpt.uni-erlangen.de
J. Laser Appl. 29, 022309 (2017)
Article history
Received:
March 28 2017
Accepted:
March 28 2017
Citation
Christian Scheitler, Oliver Hentschel, Thomas Krebs, Konstantin Yu. Nagulin, Michael Schmidt; Laser metal deposition of NiTi shape memory alloy on Ti sheet metal: Influence of preheating on dissimilar build-up. J. Laser Appl. 1 May 2017; 29 (2): 022309. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.4983246
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