Laser hazard analysis: Special problem areas Available to Purchase

ANSI Z136.1 is based upon the concept that measurements are performed by the manufacturer and control measures are implemented by the user based upon the hazard classification. The classification scheme was developed nearly 20 years ago, and laser technology has matured in the last decade. Under special situations, both manufacturers and users have had to analyze potential exposure conditions and compare these to the MPEs, with the conclusion that neither the MPEs or the AELs appeared to realistically define the real degree of relative risk. Some have called for a complete revision of the classification scheme and the AELs. However, with a careful look at the conditions of direct intrabeam viewing of fiber-optic sources, scanning laser beams, and extended sources or arrays of point sources, one can see some minor updates that should correct current concerns that a major revision in laser safety standards is needed. Several examples of complex ocular exposure evaluations are considered and a general stepwise method for analysis is provided.