We use various modeling and simulation tools to determine HEL safety. One such tool is the High Energy Laser Collateral Assessment Tool (HELCAT) which uses fundamental deterministic calculations as well as calculations with variations in the input parameters providing combined deterministic/probabilistic safety assessments. HELCAT quantifies the risk of injury due to laser reflections from materials. HELCAT supports two computational techniques for calculating the properties of the resulting laser reflections - high-fidelity first-principles physics and the specular reflection approximation. Both operate on pre-defined scenarios with specified input parameters. Combining the specular reflection approximation with Monte Carlo techniques for variations in the input parameters allows probabilities of HEL risk to be determined from multiple variations of a scenario. A scenario consists of input parameters for the laser, material, and environment during the time when the laser is incident on the material. In this presentation, we explain how HELCAT calculates HEL reflection risks via methods such as high-fidelity first-principles physics and the specular reflection approximation.

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