The UV-emission, as well as emission in the visible wavelength range, was measured for about 100 lamps of various types used for lighting. It can be concluded, that at the distance where the illuminance equals 500 1x, the UV- and Blue light ICNIRP/ IEC 62471/ACGIH exposure limits are not exceeded. By relating the UV emission with the visible emission, it was further possible to derive a factor for each lamp with which it is possible to measure the UV emission with a lux-meter, or to express the UV exposure limits in terms of permitted illuminance, for instance 4000 1x. Similarly, it was possible to derive such a transformation factor for the blue-light weighted emission and to express the blue-light hazard exposure limits in terms of illuminance. It is seen that this value is closely related to the color temperature of the lamp, and that for white lamps, the blue-light hazard exposure limit at the distance where the illuminance is 500 1x. Is not exceeded.

1.
WHO ICNIRP Guide – Protecting workers from ultraviolet radiation
,
Breitbart
E
,
Césarini
J-P
,
de Gruijl
F
,
Diffey
B
,
Hietanen
M
,
Mariutti
G
,
McKinlay
A
,
Okuno
T
,
Roy
C
,
Schulmeister
K
,
Sliney
D
,
Söderberg
P
,
Stuck
B
,
Swerdlow
A
,
van Deventer
E
,
Zeeb
H
;
World Health Organisation
,
Geneva
,
2007
2.
Health effects of artificial light, European Commission, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR);
2012
3.
ACGIH
. Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and physical agents and Biological Exposure Indices.
Cincinnati
;
2009
4.
European Parliament and the Council
; Directive 2006/25/EC on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to risks arising from physical agents (artificial optical radiation); 2006/25/EC;
2006
.
5.
ICNIRP
Proposed Change to the IRPA 1985 Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation
,
Health Physics
56
(
1989
),
971
972
6.
IEC 62471
Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems (identical with CIE S009)
;
2006
7.
EN 12464-1
Light and lighting. Lighting of work places. Indoor work places
(
2011
)
8.
Levin
RE
,
Clark
GW
,
Spears
GR
,
Bickford
ED
,
Ultraviolet radiation – considerations in interior lighting design – Part I
,
Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society IES
, January
1977
, page
80
88
9.
AUVA
Report Nr. 55
; Optische Strahlung: Ultraviolett-Strahlungsemission von Beleuchtungs-quellen; Wien 2011; www.auva.at/reports
10.
Halperin
W
,
Altman
R
,
Black
K
,
Marshall
FJ
,
Goldfield
M.
Conjunctivitis and skin erythema. Outbreak caused by a damaged high-intensity lamp
.
JAMA
.
1978
Oct 27;
240
(
18
):
1980
1
.
11.
Kirschke
DL
,
Jones
TF
,
Smith
NM
,
Schaffner
W
,
Photokeratitis and UV-radiation bums associated with damaged metal halide lamps
,
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
Vol
158
, P
372
376
(
2004
)
12.
Henderson
R
,
Schulmeister
K.
Laser Safety
.
New York, London
:
Taylor & Franeis Group
;
2004
13.
Schulmeister
K
, Concepts of dosimetry related to laser safety and optical radiation hazard evaluation.
SPIE
Vol
4246
, pp
104
116
,
San Jose
2001
,
Ed Stuck and Belkin
14.
AUVA
Booklett Merkblatt AUVA M83 “
Optische Strahlung – Sicherheitsbeurteilung von LEDs – sichtbare Strahlung
www.auva.at/merkblaetter
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.