Two independent measuring principles, both of which are based on the techniques of speckle photography, are discussed: velocimetry and the refractive measurement of fluid density. The results are obtainable in form of a whole-field information. Detailed technical descriptions of systems and applications are available from a large number of references.

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Measuring fluid velocity with speckle patterns
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Grousson
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Double pulsed particle image velocimeter with directional resolution for complex flows
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Merzkirch
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Merzkirch
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Sinha
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Improving the accuracy and resolution of particle image or laser speckle velocimetry
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Adrian
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R.J.
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Scattering particle characteristics and their effect on pulsed laser measurements of fluid flow: speckle velocimetry vs particle image velocimetry
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Hakoshima
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Nagata
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Measurement of flow velocity distribution by multiple-exposure speckle photography
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OPT. COMMUN.
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11.
Gartner
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Merzkirch
,
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1986
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Velocity measurements in the field of an internal gravity wave by means of speckle photography
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12.
Grobel
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Merzkirch
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W.
1987
:
Measurement of natural convection by speckle velocimetry
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Proceed. ICALEO ’87
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13.
Bernabeu
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Amare
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J.C.
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Arrojo
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M.P.
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White-light speckle method of measurement of flow velocity distribution
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APPL. OPT.
21
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2583
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Suzuki
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Hosoi
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K.
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Toyooka
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;
Kawahashi
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M.
1983
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Whitelight speckle method for obtaining an equi-velocity map of a whole flow field
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15.
Meynart
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Digital image processing for speckle flow velocimetry
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16.
Erbeck
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Fast image processing with a micro-computer applied to speckle photography
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APPL. OPT.
24
,
3838
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17.
Erbeck
,
R.
;
Keller
,
J.
1987
: Image processing of Young’s fringes in laser speckle velocimetry.
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Jaeggy
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26/5
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18.
Gauthier
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;
Moraitis
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C.S.
;
Riethmuller
,
M.L.
1987
: An automated processing system for particle image displacement velocimetry.
The Use of Computers in Laser Velocimetry
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Pfeifer
H.J.
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Jaeggy
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27/1
27/11
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19.
Adrian
,
R.J.
1986
:
Image shifting technique to resolve directional ambiguity in double-pulsed velocimetry
.
APPL. OPT.
25
,
3855
3858
.
20.
Hinsch
,
K.
;
Schipper
,
W.
;
Mach
,
D.
1984
:
Fringe visibility in speckle velocimetry and the analysis of random flow components
.
APPL. OPT.
23
,
4460
4462
.
21.
Genceli
,
O.F.
;
Schemm
,
J.B.
;
Vest
,
C.M.
1980
:
Measurement of size and concentration of scattering particles by speckle photography
.
J. OPT. SOC. AM.
70
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1212
1218
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22.
Yao
,
C.S.
;
Adrian
,
R.J.
1984
:
Orthogonal compression and 1-D analysis technique for measurements of particle displacements in pulsed laser velocimetry
.
APPL. OPT.
23
,
1687
1689
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23.
Meynart
,
R.
1980
:
Equal velocity fringes in a Rayleigh-Bfenard flow by a speckle method
.
APPL. OPT.
19
,
1385
1386
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24.
Simpkins
,
P.G.
;
Dudderar
,
T.
1978
:
Laser speckle measurements of transient Benard convection
.
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89
,
665
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25.
Lourenco
,
L.
;
Krothapalli
,
A.
;
Buchlin
,
J.M.
;
Riethmuller
,
M.L.
1986
:
Noninvasive experimental technique for the measurement of unsteady velocity fields
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AIAA J.
24
,
1715
1717
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26.
Lourenco
,
L.
;
Krothapalli
,
A.
1987
:
The role of photographic parameters in laser speckle or particle image displacement velocimetry
.
EXP. FLUIDS
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,
29
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27.
Barakat
,
N.
;
El-Ghandoor
,
H.
;
Merzkirch
,
W.
;
Wernekinck
,
U.
1988
:
Speckle velocimetry applied to pipe flow
.
EXP. FLUIDS
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,
71
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28.
Meynart
,
R.
1983
:
Instantaneous velocity field measurements in unsteady gas flow by speckle velocimetry
.
APPL. OPT.
22
,
535
540
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29.
Meynart
,
R.
1983
:
Speckle velocimetry study of vortex pairing in a low-Re unexcited jet
.
PHYS. FLUIDS
26
,
2074
2079
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30.
Hinsch
,
K.
;
Mach
,
D.
;
Schipper
,
W.
1985
: Air flow analysis by double-exposure speckle photography.
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Yang
W.-J.
),
Hemisphere
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Washington, D.C.
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576
680
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31.
Kopf
,
U.
1972
:
Application of speckling for measuring the deflection of laser light by phase objects
.
OPT. COMMUN.
5
,
347
350
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32.
Debrus
,
S.
;
Franipon
,
M.
;
Grover
,
C.P.
;
May
,
M.
;
Roblin
,
M.L.
1972
:
Groundglass differential interferometer
.
APPL. OPT.
11
,
853
857
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33.
Wernekinck
,
U.
;
Merzkirch
,
W.
1987
:
Speckle photography of spatially extended refractive index fields
.
APPL. OPT.
26
,
31
32
,
34.
Farrell
,
P.V.
;
Hofeldt
,
D.L.
1984
:
Temperature measurement in gases using speckle photography
.
APPL. OPT. 23
,
1055
1059
.
35.
Shu
,
J.Z.
;
Li
,
J.Y.
1987
:
Speckle photography applied to the density field of a flame
.
EXP. FLUIDS
5
,
422
423
.
36.
Sivasubramanian
,
M.S.
;
Cole
,
R.
;
Sukenek
,
P.C.
1984
:
Optical temperature gradient measurements using speckle photography
.
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37.
Wernekinck
,
U.
;
Merzkirch
,
W.
1968
: Measurement of natural convection by speckle photography.
Heat Transfer 1986
(eds.
Tien
C.L.
,
Carey
V.P.
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Ferrell
J.K.
)
Hemisphere
,
Washington, D.S.
, pp.
531
535
.
38.
Erbeck
,
R.
1986
:
Die Anwendung der Speckle-Photographie zur statistischen Analyse tur-bulenter Dichtefelder
.
VDI-Fortschrittberichte
, Reihe
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112
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39.
Erbeck
,
R.
;
Merzkirch
,
W.
1988
:
Speckle photographic measurement of turbulence in an air stream with fluctuating temperature
.
EXP. FLUIDS
6
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