Metal based additive manufacturing methods using lasers are widely used in a variety of industries and applications. 3D printing, the metal powder bed based process and laser cladding are amongst the most commonly known means of metal AM. With the use of lasers the process chain metal AM can be extended offering unique advantages for process optimization.
The combination of AM processes with conventional manufacturing allows for a cost and process optimized design. While many parts can be printed completely it might not be efficient for parts of the geometry. There the use of conventionally manufactured performs can reduce printing time and cost, the complex structure is then printed onto that perform.
Another step towards process optimization is to combine AM technologies, using 3D printing for complex hollow structures and LMD for the solid part of a turbine blade is a prime example of fine tuning AM for maximum efficiency.
Lasers can also be used in post processing of AM components. As each part that has been produced with an AM process requires surface treatments to enhance flow, fatigue strength or just appearance the laser can offer solutions.
From surface re-melting of a laser clad part to area specific laser polishing the laser can be used to enhance part performance when and where it is needed and to the level required.
Lasers in AM further enhance the capabilities of the already versatile processes and will help in further advancing the acceptance of metal based AM as viable tool of the trade.