Laser-CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) arc hybrid additive manufacturing (LHAM) of 316L austenitic stainless steel (316SS) was studied. Surface roughness (R) and the minimum processing margin (dmin) of deposited thin-wall were calculated by the data measured via laser displacement sensor. Microstructure and fracture surface were observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The scanning speed of LHAM could be increased to 1.2 m/min, 3 times higher than that of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The R and dmin of LHAMed 316SS were reduced to 40% and 60% of the WAAM, respectively. The microstructure of LHAMed 316SS was composed of columnar or equiaxed grains, which were characterized by δ-ferrite and austenite. The tensile strength of LHAMed sample was higher, but the elongation is lower than that of WAAMed sample because of the formation of the porosity.

1.
Song
,
Y.A.
,
Park
,
S.Y.
,
Choi
,
D.
&
Jee
,
H.S.
(
2005
)
3D welding and milling: Part I–a direct approach for freeform fabrication of metallic prototypes
,
International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture
45
:
1057
1062
.
2.
Du
,
W.
,
Bai
,
Q.
&
Zhang
,
B.
(
2016
)
A Novel Method for Additive/Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing of Metallic Parts
,
Procedia Manufacturing
5
:
1018
1030
.
3.
Yang
,
S.Y.
,
Han
,
M.W.
&
Wang
,
Q.L.
(
2001
)
Development of a welding system for 3D steel rapid prototyping process
,
China Welding
10
:
50
56
.
4.
Qian
,
Y.P.
,
Huang
,
J.H.
,
Zhang
,
H.Q.
&
Wang
,
G.L.
(
2008
)
Direct rapid high-temperature alloy prototyping by hybrid plasma-laser technology
,
Journal of Materials Processing Technology
208
:
99
104
.
5.
Jandric
,
Z.
,
Labudovic
,
M.
&
Kovacevic
,
R.
(
2004
)
Effect of heat sink on microstructure of three-dimensional parts built by welding-based deposition
,
International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture
44
:
785
796
.
6.
Song
,
Y.A.
&
Park
,
S.Y.
(
2006
)
Experimental investigations into rapid prototyping of composites by novel hybrid deposition process
,
Journal of Materials Processing Technology
171
:
35
40
.
7.
Xiong
,
X.H.
,
Zhang
,
H.O.
&
Wang
,
G.L.
(
2009
)
Metal direct prototyping by using hybrid plasma deposition and milling
,
Journal of Materials Processing Technology
209
:
124
130
.
8.
Karunakaran
,
K.P.
,
Suryakumar
,
S.
,
Pushpa
,
V.
&
Akula
,
S.
(
2009
)
Retrofitment of a CNC machine for hybrid layered manufacturing
,
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
45
:
690
703
.
9.
Zhang
,
Y.M.
,
Chen
,
Y.W.
,
Li
,
P.J.
&
Male
,
A.T.
(
2003
)
Weld deposition-based rapid prototyping: a preliminary study
,
Journal of Materials Processing Technology
135
:
347
357
.
10.
Zhang
,
H.O.
,
Xiang
,
P.Y.
,
Rui
,
D.M.
&
Wang
,
G.L.
(
2015
)
Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Method of Metallic Parts
,
Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology
479
:
34
36
.
11.
Nielsen
,
Steen E.
(
2015
)
High Power Laser Hybrid Welding-Challenges and Perspectives
,
Physics Procedia
78
:
24
34
.
12.
Mahrle
,
A.
&
Beyer
,
E.
(
2006
)
Hybrid laser beam welding-Classification, characteristics, and applications
,
Journal of Laser Applications
18
:
169
180
.
13.
Ribic
,
B.
,
Palmer
,
T. A.
&
DebRoy
,
T.
(
2009
)
Problems and issues in laser-arc hybrid welding
,
International Materials Reviews
54
:
223
244
.
14.
Hao
,
K.D.
,
Zhang
,
C.
,
Zeng
,
X.Y.
&
Gao
,
M.
(
2017
)
Effect of heat input on weld microstructure and toughness of laser-arc hybrid welding of martensitic stainless steel
,
Journal of Materials Processing Technology
245
:
7
14
.
15.
Zhang
R.
(
2016
) Research on the aluminum alloy arc additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology and process based on the CMT,
M.E. Dissertation
,
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
,
China
.
16.
Zhang
,
K.
,
Wang
,
S.J.
,
Liu
,
W.J.
&
Shang
,
X.F.
(
2014
)
Characterization of stainless steel parts by Laser Metal Deposition Shaping
,
Materials & Design
55
:
104
119
.
17.
Suutala
N.
,
Takalo
T.
&
Moisio
T.
(
1980
)
Ferritic-Austenitic Solidification Mode in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds
,
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A
10
:
173
181
.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.