This work reports selective laser melting (SLM) of 18Ni300 maraging steel employing a pulsed wave (PW) laser. The initial experiments showed that SLM of this material presents different problems related to the spark and spatter generation, which in return generate increased porosity. The effect of PW emission characteristics was investigated to reveal conditions with higher process stability. Part quality was also investigated through surface roughness and material microhardness.
REFERENCES
1.
C. Y.
Yap
, C. K.
Chua
, Z. L.
Dong
, Z. H.
Liu
, D. Q.
Zhang
, L. E.
Loh
, and S. L.
Sing
, “Review of selective laser melting: Materials and applications
,” Applied Physics Reviews
, vol. 2
, no. 4
. 2015
.2.
R.
Hölker
and A. E.
Tekkaya
, “Advancements in the manufacturing of dies for hot aluminum extrusion with conformal cooling channels
,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
, vol. 83
, no. 5–8
, pp. 1209
–1220
, 2016
.3.
F.
Abe
, K.
Osakada
, M.
Shiomi
, K.
Uematsu
, and M.
Matsumoto
, “The manufacturing of hard tools from metallic powders by selective laser melting
,” J. Mater. Process. Technol.
, vol. 111
, no. 1–3
, pp. 210
–213
, 2001
.4.
A.
Armillotta
, R.
Baraggi
, and S.
Fasoli
, “SLM tooling for die casting with conformal cooling channels
,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
, vol. 71
, no. 1–4
, pp. 573
–583
, 2014
.5.
R.
Neugebauer
, B.
Mueller
, and A.
Wagner
, “Direct rapid tooling for die forging – A new challenge for Layer-Based Technologies
,” Sci. Prog.
, vol. 95
, no. 3
, pp. 255
–282
, 2010
.6.
K.
Osakada
and M.
Shiomi
, “Flexible manufacturing of metallic products by selective laser melting of powder
,” Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.
, vol. 46
, no. 11
SPEC. ISS., pp. 1188
–1193
, 2006
.7.
T. B.
Sercombe
, “Sintering of freeformed maraging steel with boron additions
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A
, vol. 363
, no. 1
–2
, pp. 242
–252
, 2003
.8.
A. M.
Hall
and C. J.
Slunder
, “The Metallurgy, Behavior, and Application of the 18-Percent Nickel Maraging Steels
,” Natl. Aeronaut. Sp. Adm.
, no. SP-5051
, p. 141
, 1968
.9.
W.
Sha
and Z.
Guo
, Maraging Steels: Modelling of Microstructure, Properties and Applications.
2009
.10.
G.
Casalino
, S. L.
Campanelli
, N.
Contuzzi
, and A. D.
Ludovico
, “Experimental investigation and statistical optimisation of the selective laser melting process of a maraging steel
,” Opt. Laser Technol.
, vol. 65
, pp. 151
–158
, 2015
.11.
L.
Thijs
, J.
Van Humbeeck
, K.
Kempen
, E.
Yasa
, and J.-P.
Kruth
, “Investigation on the inclusions in maraging steel produced by Selective Laser Melting
,” in 5th International Conference on Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping
, 2011
, no. 2007
, pp. 297
–304
.12.
E.
Yasa
, K.
Kempen
, and J.
Kruth
, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of Maraging Steel 300 after selective laser melting
,” Proc. 21st Int. Solid Free. Fabr. Symp.
, pp. 383
–396
, 2010
.13.
D.
Croccolo
, M.
De Agostinis
, S.
Fini
, G.
Olmi
, A.
Vranic
, and S.
Ciric-Kostic
, “Influence of the build orientation on the fatigue strength of EOS maraging steel produced by additive metal machine
,” Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct.
, vol. 39
, no. 5
, pp. 637
–647
, 2016
.14.
N.
Contuzzi
, S. L.
Campanelli
, C.
Casavola
, and L.
Lamberti
, “Manufacturing and characterization of 18Ni marage 300 lattice components by selective laser melting
,” Materials (Basel).
, vol. 6
, no. 8
, pp. 3451
–3468
, 2013
.15.
E. A.
Jägle
, P.
Choi
, J.
Van Humbeeck
, and D.
Raabe
, “Precipitation and austenite reversion behavior of a maraging steel produced by selective laser melting
,” J. Mater. Res.
, vol. 29
, p. 2072
, 2014
.16.
J. M.
Pardal
, S. S. M.
Tavares
, V. F.
Terra
, M. R.
Da Silva
, and D. R. Dos
Santos
, “Modeling of precipitation hardening during the aging and overaging of 18Ni-Co-Mo-Ti maraging 300 steel
,” J. Alloys Compd.
, vol. 393
, no. 1–2
, pp. 109
–113
, 2005
.17.
J. M.
Pardal
, S. S. M.
Tavares
, M. P. Cindra
Fonseca
, M. R.
Da Silva
, J. M.
Neto
, and H. F. G.
Abreu
, “Influence of temperature and aging time on hardness and magnetic properties of the maraging steel grade 300
,” J. Mater. Sci.
, vol. 42
, no. 7
, pp. 2276
–2281
, 2007
.18.
I.
Kladaric
, D.
Kozak
, and D.
Krumes
, “The Effect of Aging Parameters on Properties of Maraging Steel
,” Mater. Manuf. Process.
, vol. 24
, no. 7–8
, pp. 747
–749
, 2009
.19.
E. A.
Jägle
, Z.
Sheng
, L.
Wu
, L.
Lu
, J.
Risse
, A.
Weisheit
, and D.
Raabe
, “Precipitation Reactions in Age-Hardenable Alloys During Laser Additive Manufacturing
,” JOM
, vol. 68
, no. 3
, pp. 943
–949
, 2016
.20.
G.
Strano
, L.
Hao
, R. M.
Everson
, and K. E.
Evans
, “Surface roughness analysis, modelling and prediction in selective laser melting
,” J. Mater. Process. Technol.
, vol. 213
, no. 4
, pp. 589
–597
, 2013
.21.
R.
Li
, J.
Liu
, Y.
Shi
, L.
Wang
, and W.
Jiang
, “Balling behavior of stainless steel and nickel powder during selective laser melting process
,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
, vol. 59
, no. 9–12
, pp. 1025
–1035
, 2012
.22.
D.
Gu
and Y.
Shen
, “Balling phenomena in direct laser sintering of stainless steel powder: Metallurgical mechanisms and control methods
,” Mater. Des.
, vol. 30
, no. 8
, pp. 2903
–2910
, 2009
.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2016 Laser Institute of America.
2016
Laser Institute of America
You do not currently have access to this content.