Real time chromium and iron elemental analysis during a laser direct metal deposition process was carried out using optical emission spectroscopy. Mixtures of pure chromium powder and iron powder with different weight ratios were deposited onto a substrate by delivering the powder mixtures co-axially with a high power CO2 laser. Laser beam, powder, and substrate interaction zone was locally shielded by argon and helium inert gas to protect the process from oxidation. The laser induced plasma in both ultra violate region and visible region was monitored by a high speed spectrometer. Composition ratios of chromium and iron in the deposited structure are verified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and are related to the spectral line intensity ratios of the two elements. The calibration curve shows a linear relationship between the composition ratios and the line intensity ratios.
REFERENCES
1.
Mazumder
, J.
, Dutta
, D.
, Kikuchi
, N.
, and Ghosh
, A.
, (2000
) Closed loop direct metal deposition: art to part
. Optics and Lasers in Engineering
, 34
, 397
–414
.2.
Mazumder
, J.
, Schifferer
, A.
, and Choi
, J.
, (1999
) Direct materials deposition: designed macro and microstructure
. Materials Research Innovations
, 3
, 118
–131
.3.
Aragon
, C.
, Aguilera
, J.A.
, and Penalba
, F.
, (1999
) Improvements in quantitative analysis of steel composition by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy at atmospheric pressure using an infrared Nd: YAG laser
. Applied Spectroscopy
, 53
, 1259
–1267
.4.
Kuzuya
, M.
and Aranami
, H.
, (2000
) Analysis of a high-concentration copper in metal alloys by emission spectroscopy of a laser-produced plasma in air at atmospheric pressure
. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy
, 55
, 1423
–1430
.5.
Kuzuya
, M.
, Murakami
, M.
, and Maruyama
, N.
, (2003
) Quantitative analysis of ceramics by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy
, 58
, 957
–965
.6.
Body
, D.
and Chadwick
, B.L.
, (2001
) Optimization of the spectral data processing in a LIBS simultaneous elemental analysis system
. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy
, 56
, 725
–736
.7.
Cremers
, D.A.
, Barefield
, J.E.
, and Koskelo
, A.C.
, (1995
) Remote Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using a Fiberoptic Cable
. Applied Spectroscopy
, 49
, 857
–860
.8.
Cabalin
, L.M.
, Romero
, D.
, Garcia
, C.C.
, Baena
, J.M.
, and Laserna
, J.J.
, (2002
) Time-resolved laser-induced plasma spectrometry for determination of minor elements in steelmaking process samples
. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
, 372
, 352
–359
.9.
Panne
, U.
, Haisch
, C.
, Clara
, M.
, and Niessner
, R.
, (1998
) Analysis of glass and glass melts during the vitrification process of fly and bottom ashes by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy. Part I: Normalization and plasma diagnostics
. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy
, 53
, 1957
–1968
.10.
Galbacs
, G.
, Gornushkin
, I.B.
, Smith
, B.W.
, and Winefordner
, J.D.
, (2001
) Semi-quantitative analysis of binary alloys using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and a new calibration approach based on linear correlation
. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy
, 56
, 1159
–1173
.11.
Galbacs
, G.
, Gornushkin
, I.B.
, and Winefordner
, J.D.
, (2004
) Generalization of a new calibration method based on linear correlation
. Talanta
, 63
, 351
–357
.12.
Xu
, L.
, Bulatov
, V.
, Gridin
, V.V.
, and Schechter
, I.
, (1997
) Absolute analysis of particulate materials by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
. Analytical Chemistry
, 69
, 2103
–2108
.13.
Ciucci
, A.
, Corsi
, M.
, Palleschi
, V.
, Rastelli
, S.
, Salvetti
, A.
, and Tognoni
, E.
, (1999
) New procedure for quantitative elemental analysis by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy
. Applied Spectroscopy
, 53
, 960
–964
.14.
Bulajic
, D.
, Corsi
, M.
, Cristoforetti
, G.
, Legnaioli
, S.
, Palleschi
, V.
, Salvetti
, A.
, and Tognoni
, E.
, (2002
) A procedure for correcting self-absorption in calibration free-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy
, 57
, 339
–353
.15.
Yaroshchyk
, P.
, Body
, D.
, Morrison
, R.J.S.
, and Chadwick
, B.L.
, (2006
) A semi-quantitative standard-less analysis method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy
, 61
, 200
–209
.16.
Death
, D.L.
, Cunningham
, A.P.
, and Pollard
, L.J.
, (2009
) Multi-element and mineralogical analysis of mineral ores using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric analysis
. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy
, 64
, 1048
–1058
.17.
Death
, D.L.
, Cunningham
, A.P.
, and Pollard
, L.J.
, (2008
) Multi-element analysis of iron ore pellets by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and principal components regression
. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy
, 63
, 763
–769
.18.
Fink
, H.
, Panne
, U.
, and Niessner
, R.
, (2002
) Process analysis of recycled thermoplasts from consumer electronics by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy
. Analytical Chemistry
, 74
, 4334
–4342
.19.
Lacroix
, D.
and Jeandel
, G.
, (1997
) Spectroscopic characterization of laser-induced plasma created during welding with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser
. Journal of Applied Physics
, 81
, 6599
–6606
.20.
Gornushkin
, I.B.
, King
, L.A.
, Smith
, B.W.
, Omenetto
, N.
, and Winefordner
, J.D.
, (1999
) Line broadening mechanisms in the low pressure laser-induced plasma
. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy
, 54
, 1207
–1217
.21.
Colon
, C.
, Alonso-Medina
, A.
, and Herran-Martinez
, C.
, (1999
) Spectroscopic study of a laser-produced lead plasma: experimental atomic transition probabilities for PbIII lines
. Journal of Physics B-Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics
, 32
, 3887
–3897
.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2010 Laser Institute of America.
2010
Laser Institute of America
You do not currently have access to this content.