Dispersed nickel sulphate (NiSO4) micro-clusters on Si substrates were disintegrated by pulsed excimer laser irradiation. At proper fluences, the NiSO4 clusters were pulverized into nanoparticles. The size ranges and distributions of fragments and/or particles were found to be dependent on excimer laser fluence and laser pulse number. Both CO2 laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) and hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) were used for catalytic growth of carbon nanofibers (CNFs)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using excimer laser irradiated NiSO4 catalysts. For catalysts prepared using excimer laser irradiation at fluences of 100 and 200 mJ/cm2, CNFs were dominant products. These CNFs were grown radially out of large NiSO4 clusters, forming dendritic CNFs bunches. For catalysts prepared using excimer laser irradiation at 300 mJ/cm2, multi-walled CNTs with highly-uniform diameters were obtained. Catalysts preparation with excimer laser disintegration of dispersed NiSO4 compound is a simple, ultrafast and in-air process.
REFERENCES
1.
Dresselhaus
, M. S.
, Dresselhaus
, G.
and Avouris
, P.
(2001
) Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications
(Springer
, Berlin
).2.
de Heer
, W. A.
, Châtelain
, A.
and Ugarte
, D.
(1995
) A carbon nanotube field-emission electron source
, Science
270
, 1179
.3.
Wang
, Q. H.
, Corrigan
, T. D.
, Dai
, J. Y.
, Chang
, R. P. H.
and Krauss
, A. R.
(1997
) Field emission from nanotube bundle emitters at low fields
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
70
, 3308
.4.
Zhou
, Y.
, Gaur
, A.
, Hur
, S.-H.
, Kocabas
, C.
, Meitl
, M. A.
, Shim
, M.
and Rogers
, J. A.
(2004
) p-Channel, n-Channel Thin Film Transistors and p− n Diodes Based on Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Network
, Nano Lett.
4
, 2031
.5.
Seidel
, R.
, Graham
, A. P.
, Unger
, E.
, Duesberg
, G. S.
, Liebau
, M.
, Steinhoegl
, W.
, Kreupl
, F.
and Hoenlein
, W.
(2004
) High-current nanotube transistors
, Nano Lett.
4
, 831
.6.
Chopra
, S.
, Pham
, A.
, Gaillard
, J.
, Parker
, A.
and Rao
, A. M.
(2002
) Carbon-nanotube-based resonant-circuit sensor for ammonia
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
24
, 4632
.7.
Thess
, A.
, Lee
, R.
, Nikolaev
, P.
, Dai
, H. J.
, Petit
, P.
, Robertand
, J.
, Xu
, C. H.
, Lee
, Y. H.
, Kim
, S. G.
, Rin-zler
, A. G.
, Colbert
, D. T.
, Scuseria
, G. E.
, Tomanek
, D.
, Fischer
, J. E.
, and Smalley
, R. E.
(1996
) Crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes
, Science
273
, 5274
.8.
Ebbesen
, T. W.
and Ajaya
, P. M.
(1992
) Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes
, Nature (London)
358
, 220
.9.
Kong
, J.
, Cassell
, A. M.
and Dai
, H.
(1998
) Chemical vapor deposition of methane for single-walled carbon nanotubes
, Chem. Phys. Lett.
292
, 567
.10.
Ren
, Z. F.
, Huang
, Z. P.
, Xu
, J. W.
, Wang
, J. H.
, Bush
, P.
, Siegal
, P.
and Provencio
, P. N.
(1998
) Synthesis of Large Arrays of Well-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes on Glass
, Science
282
, 1105
.11.
Tzeng
, Y.
, Liu
, C.
, Chen
, Z.
(2000
) Electron Emission From Microwave-Plasma Chemically Vapor Deposited Carbon Nanotubes
, Mater. Res. Soc. Proc.
621
, R751
.12.
Rohmund
, F.
, Morjan
, R.-E.
, Ledoux
, G.
, Huisken
, F.
and Alexandrescu
, R.
(2002
) Carbon nanotube films grown by laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition
, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
20
, 802
.13.
Sohn
, J. I.
, Choi
, C. J.
, Lee
, S.
and Seong
, T. Y.
(2001
) Growth behavior of carbon nanotubes on Fe-deposited (001) Si substrates
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
78
, 3130
.14.
Choi
, G. S.
, Cho
, Y. S.
, Hong
, S. Y.
, Park
, J. B.
, Son
, K. H.
and Kim
, D. J.
(2002
) Carbon nanotubes synthesized by Ni-assisted atmospheric pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition
, J. Appl. Phys.
91
, 3847
.15.
Chhowalla
, M.
, Teo
, K. B. K.
, Ducati
, C.
, Rupesinghe
, N. L.
, Amaratunga
, G. A. J.
, Ferrari
, A. C.
, Roy
, D.
, Robertson
, J.
and Milne
, W. I. M.
(2001
) Growth process conditions of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
, J. Appl. Phys.
90
, 5308
.16.
Carey
, J. D.
, Ong
, L. L.
and Silva
, S. R. P.
(2003
) Formation of low-temperature self-organized nanoscale nickel metal islands
, Nanotechnology
14
, 1223
.17.
Cassell
, M.
, Verma
, S.
, Delzeit
, L.
, Meyyappan
, M.
, Han
, J.
(2001
) Combinatorial optimization of heterogeneous catalysts used in the growth of carbon nanotubes
, Langmuir
17
, 260
.18.
Gao
, J. S.
, Umeda
, K.
, Uchino
, K.
, Nakashima
, H.
and Muraoka
, K.
(2004
) Plasma breaking of thin films into nano-sized catalysts for carbon nanotube synthesis
, Mat. Sci. Eng. B
107
, 113
.19.
Grobert
, N.
, Terrones
, M.
, Trasobares
, S.
, Kordatos
, K.
, Terrones
, H.
, Olivares
, J.
, Zhang
, J. P.
, Redlich
, Ph.
, Hsu Al
, W. K.
, Reeves
, C. L.
, Wallis
, D. J.
, Zhu
, Y. Q.
, Hare
, J. P.
, Pidduck
, A. J.
, Kroto
, H. W.
and Walton
, D. R. M.
(1997
) A novel route to aligned nanotubes and nanofibres using laser-patterned catalytic substrates
, Appl. Phys. A.
70
, 175
.20.
Henley
, S. J.
, Poa
, C. H. P.
, Adikaari
, A. A. D. T.
, Giusca
, C. E.
, Carey
, J. D.
and Silva
, S. R. P.
(2004
) Excimer laser nanostructuring of nickel thin films for the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
, 84
, 4035
.21.
Bosbach
, J.
, Martin
, D.
, Stietz
, F.
, Wenzel
, T.
and Traeger
, F.
(1999
) Laser-based method for fabricating monodisperse metallic nanoparticles
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
74
, 2605
.22.
Yang
, D. Q.
, Meunier
, M.
, and Sacher
, E. J.
(2004
) Excimer laser manipulation and pattering of gold nanoparticles on the SiO2/Si surface
, Appl. Phys.
95
, 5023
.23.
Kawasaki
, M.
and Hori
, M.
(2003
) Laser-Induced Conversion of Noble Metal-Island Films to Dense Monolayers of Spherical Nanoparticles
, J. Phys. Chem. B
107
, 6760
.24.
Lee
, K. B.
and Lin
, L. W.
(2004
) Surface micromachined glass and polysilicon microchannels using MUMPs for BioMEMS applications
, Sensor Actuat. A
111
, 44
.25.
26.
Lu
, Y. F.
, Takai
, M.
, Nakata
, T.
, Nagatomo
, S.
and Namba
, S.
(1991
) Laser-induced deposition of Nilines on ferrite in NiSO4 aqueous solution
, Appl. Phys. A
52
, 192
.27.
Micheels
, R. H.
, Darrow
, A. D.
, II, and Rauh
, R. D.
(1981
) Photoelectrochemical deposition of microscopic metal film patterns on Si and GaAs
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
39
, 418
.28.
Nánai
, L.
, Hevesi
, I.
, Bunkin
, F. V.
, Luk’yanchuk
, B. S.
, Brook
, M. R.
, Shafeev
, G. A.
, Jelski
, D. A.
, Wu
, Z. C.
and George
, T. F.
(1989
) Laser-induced metal deposition on semiconductors from liquid electrolytes
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
54
, 736
.29.
Karlicek
, R. F.
, Donnelly
, V. M.
and Collins
, G. J.
(1982
) Laser-induced metal deposition on InP
, J. Appl. Phys.
53
, 1084
.30.
Tamaki
, Y.
, Asahi
, T.
and Masuhara
, H.
(2002
) Nanoparticle formation of vanadyl phthalocyanine by laser ablation of its crystalline powder in a poor solvent
, J. Phys. Chem. B
106
, 2135
.31.
Masubuchi
, T.
, Tada
, T.
, Nomura
, E.
, Hatanaka
, K.
, Fukumura
, H.
and Masuhara
, H.
(2002
) Laser-induced decomposition and ablation dynamics studied by nanosecond interferometry: 4. A polyimide film
, J. Phys. Chem. B
106
, 2180
.32.
Zhuang
, X. X.
, Su
, G. B.
, Wang
, G. F.
Li
, G. H.
and Huang
, Z. X.
(2004
) Structure, growth and optical properties of Zn0.24Ni 0.76(SO4)·7H2O single crystal
, Cryst. Res. Technol.
39
, 754
.33.
SLIM
is a copyrighted program developed by >Rajiv K.
Singh
and J.
Viatella
at Materials Science and Engineering
Department at the University of Florida
.34.
Zheng
, Y. W.
(2002
), Laser assisted removal of microparticles from solid substrates
, PhD dissertation, National University of Singapore
.35.
Melechko
, V.
, Merkulov
, V. I.
, Mcknight
, T. E.
, Guillorn
, M. A.
, Klein
, K. L.
, Lowndes
, D. H.
and Simpson
, M. L.
(2005
) Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers and related structures: Controlled synthesis and directed assembly
, J. Appl. Phys.
97
, 041301
.36.
Kanzow
, H.
and Ding
, A.
(1999
) Formation mechanism of single-wall carbon nanotubes on liquid-metal particles
, Phys. Rev. B
60
, 11180
.37.
Rodriguez
, N. M.
(1993
) A review of catalytically grown carbon nanofibers
, J. Mater. Res.
8
, 3233
.38.
Bacon
, R.
(1960
) Growth, Structure, and Properties of Graphite Whiskers
, J. Appl. Phys.
31
, 283
.39.
Helveg
, S.
, Lopez-Cartes
, C.
, Sehested
, J.
, Hansen
, P. L.
, Clausen
, B. S.
, Rostrup-Nielsen
, J. R.
(2004
) Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth, (London)
427
, 426
.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2005 Laser Institute of America.
2005
Laser Institute of America
You do not currently have access to this content.