Photosensitizers constitute a crucial element in the process of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, necessitating robust absorption of visible or near-infrared light, high intersystem crossing efficiency, prolonged triplet state lifetime, and minimal energy dissipation during intersystem crossing and vibrational relaxation. Nonetheless, conventional monomeric photosensitizers frequently fail to simultaneously meet these requirements. In recent years, researchers, including our group, have fabricated photosensitizers that incorporate multiple covalent linkages, such as dyads and triads, which are regarded more likely to achieve comprehensive performance optimization. This review article explores the design and characteristics of recently synthesized dyads and triads photosensitizers that operate on the principles of intramolecular singlet energy transfer and intramolecular triplet energy transfer, demonstrating their outstanding efficacy in high-efficiency triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. We provide an exhaustive explanation of the design rationales, photophysical, and photochemical properties of these photosensitizers, along with suggestions for the creation of photosensitizers with enhanced performance. Moreover, we discuss potential avenues and opportunities for the future development of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion technology.
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December 2024
Research Article|
December 01 2024
Mechanistic insights into intramolecular energy transfer dynamics in photosensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion†
Tingting Fu;
Tingting Fu
Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University
, Wuhu 241002, China
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Yaxiong Wei;
Yaxiong Wei
*
Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University
, Wuhu 241002, China
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Xinsheng Xu
Xinsheng Xu
*
Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University
, Wuhu 241002, China
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†
Part of Special Issue “In Memory of Prof. Xingxiao Ma on the occasion of his 90th Anniversary”.
Chin. J. Chem. Phys. 37, 701–720 (2024)
Article history
Received:
July 03 2024
Accepted:
September 01 2024
Citation
Tingting Fu, Yaxiong Wei, Xinsheng Xu; Mechanistic insights into intramolecular energy transfer dynamics in photosensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. Chin. J. Chem. Phys. 1 December 2024; 37 (6): 701–720. https://doi.org/10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2407087
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