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![Experimental Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman of confined carbyne [Williams et al. (2009), left figures reproduced with CC-BY permission] compared to the 1DPB model of a single carbon atom with reduced mass of 0.39 g/mol oscillating in a 1.37-Å box between a triple and single bond at temperatures 300–400 K. The Anti-Stokes to Stokes intensity ratios (AaS/AS) show similar Boltzmann distribution behavior.](https://aipp.silverchair-cdn.com/aipp/content_public/books/94/parts/chapter6/1/s_9780735425668_006_f6-5.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&Signature=udsrIpb5PAV00diwfP2CnaAJM4GW1ZSR4cew9oBV7lXmrX-ECj6o~FMDtnUy~I3v8eK3fzST0ZRE513snaltv5ShAC-kfdqNIfWstqYOnRwn4evFmOUu6BgmsZr-rbSaUgFFyQTDLBYqMa7QQ1ksTHyUWn7ymA9fUr8JlFavzufTfMVKCu14XSLCV-AVKPfrACpRJ87HSurDTPeqatVI7p46j9vbgbGwlZb9EDNLNhAJqPDOyVyXufAGoXKrnY-tMRp18lOefSX39uQ~9BiP8YgZ7~vpVtRWixr9oMexqBNVghodcYS6KAjDh0gscY72UqfkQpfXZXv3vn0y4knAyQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
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Published: December 2022
FIG. 6.5 Experimental Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman of confined carbyne [ Williams et al. (2009) , left figures reproduced with CC-BY permission] compared to the 1DPB model of a single carbon atom with reduced mass of 0.39 g/mol oscillating in a 1.37-Å box between a triple and single bond More about this image found in Experimental Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman of confined carbyne [ Williams ...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
.... C. , The Rise and Progress of Sunday Schools: A Biography of Robert Raikes and William Fox ( Sheldon & Company , 1863 ). Ratcliffe , M. and Grace , M. , Science Education for Citizenship ( Open University , 2003 ). Roberts , D. A. , Handbook of Research on Science...
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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... for Educational Improvement in School Districts ( William T. Grant Foundation , New York , 2013 ). 10.3102/0013189X16631750 Cochran-Smith , M. and Lytle , S. L. , Inquiry as Stance: Practitioner Research for the Next Generation ( Teachers College Press , New York , 2009 ). Cochran...
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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
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EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
...Reference Reference Williams , D. L. and Jackson , V. S. , “ Particle on a ring spectroscopic selection rules determined by group theory ,” J. Chem. Educ. 92 , 2165 – 2169 ( 2015 ). 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00619 ...
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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
.../44600408.pdf . Williams , T. , B.A. Thesis ( Mount Holyoke College , 2018 ). Williams , T. et al. , paper presented at Physics Education Research Conference 2018, Washington, DC ( AAPT , 2018 ). See https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=14866&DocID...
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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... ). 10.1080/095006999290732 Gauld , C. , Sci. Educ. 13 , 321 – 332 ( 2004 ). 10.1023/B:SCED.0000041824.67420.14 Gearhart , C. A. , Am. J. Phys. 64 ( 8 ), 995 – 1000 ( 1996 ). 10.1119/1.18316 Gezerlis , A. and Williams , M. , Am. J. Phys. 89 ( 1 ), 51 – 60...
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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_006
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
... at different angles. We have put the equations in this text into a spreadsheet to compute these spectra and the standard RGB colors that they produce. Details of the RGB color generator spreadsheet are published elsewhere ( Williams et al., 2009 ). Figure 6.4 shows the standard RGB colors...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_008
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
... benzene wave functions is more challenging ( Williams ). Assigning Mulliken notations to the wave functions is important because it allows us to determine the symmetry selection rule patterns using the direct product tables ( Direct Product Tables ). Figure 8.1 shows how complicated the spectrum can...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_009
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
... of symmetry elements in the 1DPR system. Proceed slowly with a pencil and paper. Make sure you understand the logical arguments and conclusions. If you would like to know more, we have published an in-depth explanation of this chapter elsewhere ( Williams and Jackson, 2015 ). Review of the 1DPR Wave Functions...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_010
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_011
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
... of a symmetric Gaussian line shape. If we were to use a log-normal line shape with an asymmetry parameter slightly greater than 1 (producing peaks that skew to long wavelength), then we would be able to match the Planck distribution perfectly ( Williams et al., 2009 ). Line Spectra If the electron...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_index
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_frontmatter
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
... was completed by my father Darrell Williams’ wise words, “the measured task gets done.” I passed this wisdom on to my Master of Science student and co-author Victoria Spenn Jackson when she completed much of the mathematics in this book during her graduate work in the Chemistry Department at Sam Houston State...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_001
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_002
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_005
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425668_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2566-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2564-4
... the book Symmetry and Spectroscopy by Harris and Bertolucci (1989) . See also the author's YouTube channel ( Williams ) for lectures on applying these 3D symmetry operations to molecular spectroscopy. Application: 3D Symmetry and Spectroscopy Here is a short procedure for applying the symmetry...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... with the philosophy of physics. In the twentieth century, a philosophical position of logical positivism was advocated to understand measurement and observation. Observable variables are considered only as physical reality whilst nominal or metaphysical items are to be rejected as meaningless ( Williams, 2016...
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