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Characterization life cycle impacts comparison between TEG and [EMIM][Tf2N]. (a) TEG and [EMIM][Tf2N] production stage (functional unit: production of 1 kg TEG and [EMIM][Tf2N]); (b) the NG dehydration process including the dehydrant production and use stages (functional unit: removal of 1 g water vapor); (c) use stage in NG dehydration process (functional unit: removal of 1 g water vapor).

Characterization life cycle impacts comparison between TEG and [EMIM][Tf...

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in Design and Optimization of Natural Gas Purification with Ionic Liquids > Energy Systems and ProcessesRecent Advances in Design and Control
Published: March 2023
stages (functional unit: removal of 1 g water vapor); (c) use stage in NG dehydration process (functional unit: removal of 1 g water vapor). Reprinted with permission from Wu et al., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7 (23), 19194–19201 (2019). Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. More about this image found in Characterization life cycle impacts comparison between TEG and [EMIM][Tf...
Images
Characterization life cycle impacts comparison between TEG and [EMIM][Tf2N]. (a) TEG and [EMIM][Tf2N] production stage (functional unit: production of 1 kg TEG and [EMIM][Tf2N]); (b) the NG dehydration process including the dehydrant production and use stages (functional unit: removal of 1 g water vapor); (c) use stage in NG dehydration process (functional unit: removal of 1 g water vapor).

Characterization life cycle impacts comparison between TEG and [EMIM][Tf...

Available to Purchase
in Design and Optimization of Natural Gas Purification with Ionic Liquids > Energy Systems and ProcessesRecent Advances in Design and Control
Published: March 2023
stages (functional unit: removal of 1 g water vapor); (c) use stage in NG dehydration process (functional unit: removal of 1 g water vapor). Reprinted with permission from Wu et al., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7 (23), 19194–19201 (2019). Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. More about this image found in Characterization life cycle impacts comparison between TEG and [EMIM][Tf...
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Book cover for Energy Systems and Processes: Recent Advances in Design and Control

Design and Optimization of Natural Gas Purification with Ionic Liquids

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Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... been widely used in various fields such as chemical, energy, and everyday life. The raw natural gas extracted is often saturated with water vapor and may even carry a certain amount of liquid water. The primary difficulty in the use of natural gas is its storage and transportation. Pipelines...
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Book cover for Energy Systems and Processes: Recent Advances in Design and Control

References

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Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... – 15 ( 2019 ). 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.006 Kato , R. and Gmehling , J. , “ Measurement and correlation of vapor-liquid equilibria of binary systems containing the ionic liquids [EMIM][(CF3SO2)2N], [BMIM][(CF3SO2)2N...
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Perspective on Strain Effects on 2D Materials

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_011
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... several studies and technological advancements, the widespread practical application of such materials remains rather limited. Experimental growth techniques like molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOCVD) and chemical vapor transport (CVT) have been used quite successfully...
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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... evolution in GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition ,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.   37 , 4460 – 4466 ( 1998 ). 10.1143/JJAP.37.4460 Fischetti , M. V. and Laux , S. E. , “ Band structure, deformation potentials, and carrier mobility in strained Si Ge, and SiGe alloys ,” J. Appl...
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(a) SEM image of a typical microfabricated Si-based cantilever sensor array without any surface modification. Reprinted with permission from Baller et al., Ultramicroscopy 82(1–4), 1–9 (2000). Copyright 2000 Elsevier. (b) Schematic of H2 sensing MC with an integrated Si photonics-based interferometric optical readout. An underlying waveguide allowed portions of the light passing through it to diffract and reflect from the bottom side of the sensing MC back into the waveguide. This resulted in optical interference, which was dependent on the separation distance between the waveguide and the MC. (c) SEM image of the fabricated H2 sensing MC. The inset shows the A–A′ surface profile of the MC as measured by optical profilometry across the length. The location of the Si photonic waveguide is marked by dashed lines. It was hidden under a SiOx planarization layer. Reprinted with permission from Gurusamy et al., Sens. Actuators B Chem. 281, 335–342 (2019). Copyright 2019 Elsevier. (d) SEM image of the Ni-MOF-74 deposited resonant MC sensor used for CO detection where the material was coated onto the free-end of the MC. (e) Responses of the sensor to various concentrations of CO gas with a dynamic range from 10 ppb to 2.6 ppm. The inset depicts the magnified view of the sensor response to the lowest concentration of 10 ppb. Reprinted with permission from Lv et al., Sens. Actuators B Chem. 262, 562–569 (2018). Copyright 2018 Elsevier. (f) SEM image of the carboxyl group functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (C-MSNs) loaded resonant MC sensor used for NH3 sensing. (g) Micro-gravimetric sensing curve of the C-MSNs decorated MC sensor to NH3 vapor at various concentrations in the range of 5–300 ppb. The inset shows the relationship between NH3 concentration and sensing response, which follows a Langmuir adsorption isotherm behavior; (h) repeatability test of the sensor to NH3 for three cycles at 120 ppb concentration; (i) selectivity test of the sensor to eight kinds of interfering gases. Reprinted with permission from Liu et al., Sens. Actuators B Chem. 257, 488–495 (2018b). Copyright 2018 Elsevier. (j) SEM image of the polymer nanocomposite MCs used for explosive vapor sensing. Reprinted with permission from Patil et al., Sens. Actuators B Chem. 192, 444–451 (2014).

(a) SEM image of a typical microfabricated Si-based cantilever sensor array...

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in Emerging Trends in MEMS/NEMS Based Technologies for Gas Sensing Applications > MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering
Published: March 2023
Elsevier. (f) SEM image of the carboxyl group functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (C-MSNs) loaded resonant MC sensor used for NH3 sensing. (g) Micro-gravimetric sensing curve of the C-MSNs decorated MC sensor to NH3 vapor at various concentrations in the range of 5–300 ppb More about this image found in (a) SEM image of a typical microfabricated Si-based cantilever sensor array...
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Book cover for MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering

Emerging Trends in MEMS/NEMS Based Technologies for Gas Sensing Applications

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_008
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... mesoporous silica nanoparticles (C-MSNs) loaded resonant MC sensor used for NH3 sensing. (g) Micro-gravimetric sensing curve of the C-MSNs decorated MC sensor to NH3 vapor at various concentrations in the range of 5–300 ppb. The inset shows the relationship between NH3...
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Impact of Strain on the Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of III-Nitride Semiconductor Heterostructures

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... . Ps = the vapor pressure above the solid (layer), Pv = supersaturated vapor pressure inside the reactor, and Ω is the atomic volume ( Ohring, 2001 ). Before introducing the adatoms onto the substrate, one must ensure that the surface condition is suitable for the thin-film growth...
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Heliostat Field Aiming Strategy Optimization with Post-Installation Calibration

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Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_005
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... into electricity. In contrast, photo-thermal power generation uses a vast field of heliostats to transform solar energy into electrical energy. In the middle of the field, a thermal collecting tower is where the heliostat concentrates the sun’s rays. It directly or indirectly generates water vapor by heating heat...
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Book cover for MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering

References

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... ( 2017 ). 10.1016/j.matlet.2017.03.015 Howe , R. T. and Muller , R. S. , “ Resonant-microbridge vapor sensor ,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices   33 ( 4 ), 499 – 506 ( 1986 ). 10.1109/T-ED.1986.22519 Hsueh , T. J. , Peng , C. H. , and Chen , W. S. , “ A transparent...
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Book cover for Energy Systems and Processes: Recent Advances in Design and Control

Adsorption Enhanced Reforming for High-Efficiency Hydrogen Generation

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Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... vaporization ( Lutz et al., 2003 ). The thermodynamic modeling shows that CO2 adsorption suppresses coke formation in AER ( Li, 2009 ) (see Fig. 4.4 for the amount of graphite formed as a function of pressure and ratio of adsorbed CO2 to the one in the gas phase). A tentative...
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Recent Progress in Cantilever-Based Sensors: An Overview of Application and Fabrication Techniques

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
.... In this section, we will discuss recent developments in MEMS-based fabrication techniques through emerging instruments. It will focus on techniques like printing, etching and deposition. Deposition Deposition is basically a wide area to discuss, which includes chemical vapor deposition to sputtering...
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Cyberphysical Systems and Energy: A Discussion with Reference to an Enhanced Geothermal Process

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Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_008
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... )]. There are a variety of different power generation techniques which utilize energy from geothermal resources ( Valdimarsson, 2011 ). One of these is the single flash system. The single flash system is a technology used when a mixture of brine and vaporized brine (steam) can be extracted from the ground. In 1993...
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Book cover for Energy Systems and Processes: Recent Advances in Design and Control

Energy Systems and Processes: Recent Advances in Design and Control

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Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
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Fluids in Equilibrium and Hydrodynamics

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_002
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
..., sometimes implemented in computer simulations. In some cases, such approaches focus on macroscopic descriptions performed using forces or thermodynamic considerations. A macroscopic approach using the force per unit of length parallel to the separation surface between the liquid and the vapor can describe...
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Elastic Stress Driven Instabilities in Thin Films and their Assemblies

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_008
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... of exploration. ATG Instability: Experimental Studies The interface of a stressed solid in contact with a more compliant phase—be it solid, 2 liquid 3 or vapor 4 —is unstable against perturbations of wavelengths larger than a critical wavelength. Grinfeld, 5 using a variational approach (and, independently...
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Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Hybrid Energy Systems

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425613_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2561-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2560-6
... applied. Desalination process is to remove salt in the seawater and produce freshwater with a low concentration of salt or without salt, which can be classified into two methods, including thermal process (multi-stage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation, vapor compression) and membrane process...
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Book cover for MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering

MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
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References

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: February 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2503-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2500-2
...-Ga2O3 by MOCVD ,” APL Mater.   9 , 091102 ( 2021 ). 10.1063/5.0059657 Alema , F. , Zhang , Y. , Mauze , A. , Itoh , T. , Speck , J. S. , Hertog , B. , and Osinsky , A. , “ H2O vapor assisted growth of β-Ga2O3 by MOCVD ,” AIP. Adv...