FIG. 14.1 Two (not necessarily independent) axes to locate research on affect in PER are the learning goal axis and the entanglement with cognition axis. More about this image found in Two (not necessarily independent) axes to locate research on affect in PER ...

FIG. 14.4 Connecting the two axes: relationships between models and goals. More about this image found in Connecting the two axes: relationships between models and goals.

FIG. 8.2 Mapping of holistic learning environments against the two dimensions of pedagogy and content. More about this image found in Mapping of holistic learning environments against the two dimensions of ped...

FIG. 13.3 Two examples of electrical circuits assembled by students during the exam. More about this image found in Two examples of electrical circuits assembled by students during the exam.

FIG. 7.3 Historical direct citation network for the last two decades. More about this image found in Historical direct citation network for the last two decades.

FIG. 7.4 Annual trending topics for the last two decades. More about this image found in Annual trending topics for the last two decades.

FIG. 4.10 Two representative cyclic operations. More about this image found in Two representative cyclic operations.

FIG. 9.4 A two-day prediction (a) with the identified model using approach 1 under input trajectories in (b). More about this image found in A two-day prediction (a) with the identified model using approach 1 under i...

FIG. 9.5 A two-day prediction with the identified model using approach 2 under input trajectories given in Fig. 9.4(b) . More about this image found in A two-day prediction with the identified model using approach 2 under input...

FIG. 2.8 (a) Thermal expansion coefficient of monoatomic two-dimensional honeycomb lattices of graphene, silicene, germanene, and phosphorene and (b) strain-dependent phonon frequency of GaSe. Reproduced with permission from Ge et al., Phys. Rev. B 94 , 165433 (2016). Copyright 2016 American Physical Society; and Longuinhos and Ribeiro-Soares, Phys. Rev. Appl. 11 , 024012 (2019). Copyright 2019 American Physical Society. More about this image found in (a) Thermal expansion coefficient of monoatomic two-dimensional honeycomb l...

FIG. 3.4 Sketch of the two-layered microcantilever made of an elastic substrate and coated ultrathin film performing (a) flexural and (b) torsional oscillations. Reprinted with permission from Zhao and Sun, Sensors 18 (2), 451 (2018). Copyright 2018 MDPI. More about this image found in Sketch of the two-layered microcantilever made of an elastic substrate and ...

FIG. 3.5 Sketch of the two-layered microcantilever made of an elastic substrate and coated ultrathin film performing (a) flexural and (b) torsional oscillations. Reprinted with permission from Stachiv and Gan, Coatings 9 (8), 486 (2019). Copyright 2019 MDPI. More about this image found in Sketch of the two-layered microcantilever made of an elastic substrate and ...

FIG. 7.1 The two simplest ring resonator configurations is a ring resonator shown in (a), giving a spectrum shown in (b), which looks like a notch filter response when the ring has finite loss. The power coupling coefficient |κ|² is 20% for critically coupled, 10% for coupled, and 40% for over coupled cases. The absorption coefficient is 3551 m⁻¹. More about this image found in The two simplest ring resonator configurations is a ring resonator shown in...

FIG. 7.18 (a) Micromachined interferometric accelerometer showing the two optical beams, one from the diffraction grating and second from the mirror, which will interfere at the photodetector. (b) SiN nanobeam pair acting as “zipper” photonic crystal optomechanical cavity for accelerometry ( Krause et al., 2012 ). (c) Microdisk coupled to cantilever acting as a force sensor ( Doolin et al., 2014 ). The cantilever can deflect in both out-of-plane and in-plane mechanical modes. This results in the modulation of the disk's optical resonance frequency and is read out optically using a coupled fiber. (d) Split beam nano-cavity torque sensor ( Wu et al., 2014 ) showing the three degrees of freedom. One is out-of-plane rotation of the suspended mirror about the torsion beam, the second is in-plane bending about the torsion beam, and the third is out-of-plane bending of the cantilever mirror. More about this image found in (a) Micromachined interferometric accelerometer showing the two optical bea...

FIG. 7.24 (a) Two-axis MEMS mirror and grating based 1 × N wavelength router ( Stepanovsky, 2019 ). (b) A switchable wavelength add-drop filter array implemented using coupling-gap tuning of ring resonators ( Takahashi et al., 2008 ). (c) Frequency tuning of ring resonator by changing the perimeter of the ring ( Chu and Hane, 2014 ). (d) A ring resonator tuned by the proximity of a beam near the ring ( Yao et al., 2007 ). (e) Tuning of a ring resonator by bending the ring to the proximity of a high refractive index rim ( Errando-Herranz et al., 2015 ). (f) MEMS tuned microsphere switch ( Blue et al., 2011 ). More about this image found in (a) Two-axis MEMS mirror and grating based 1 × N wavelength router ( Stepan...

FIG. 8.1 (a) Different operating modes of MC. Two principles: (i) microbalance-modification of resonance frequency (dynamic mode) and (ii) surface stress sensor-modification of deflection (static mode). Reprinted with permission from Dufour and Fadel, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 91 (1–3), 353–361 (2003). Copyright 2003 Elsevier. (b) Illustration of (i) bulk and (ii) surface micromachining processing steps forming suspended MCs. In bulk micromachining, the MC structure is directly etched into the wafer, which acts as the sacrificial layer, while in the surface micromachining, the wafer acts as the support and the sacrificial layer, typically SiO₂, is fabricated directly on the wafer. Reprinted with permission from Waggoner and Craighead, Lab Chip 7 (10), 1238 ( 2007 ). Copyright 2007 Royal Society of Chemistry. More about this image found in (a) Different operating modes of MC. Two principles: (i) microbalance-modif...

FIG. 13.2 (a) Equipment is prepared as a set that can easily be moved from one student to another. For the task under discussion, it consists of two containers with hot and cold water, a stopwatch, a measuring cylinder, two thermometers packed in their cases, and two empty containers. (b) The hot ... More about this image found in (a) Equipment is prepared as a set that can easily be moved from one studen...

FIG. 6.27 Experimental setup to study heat transfer effect with DAQ module between two fluids. More about this image found in Experimental setup to study heat transfer effect with DAQ module between tw...