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(a) Top view of a tunable directional coupler tuned using the longitudinal movement of a phase-matched waveguide resulting in different lengths of the coupling region. (b) Possible cross-section views of phase-matched waveguides in a directional coupler showing the change of waveguide separation. All possible placements (single and two-layer) and movements (in-plane and out-of-plane) are shown.
Published: March 2023
FIG. 7.13 (a) Top view of a tunable directional coupler tuned using the longitudinal movement of a phase-matched waveguide resulting in different lengths of the coupling region. (b) Possible cross-section views of phase-matched waveguides in a directional coupler showing the change of waveguide More about this image found in (a) Top view of a tunable directional coupler tuned using the longitudinal ...
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MOEM tunable grating/photonic crystal coupler tuned by (a) bending (Errando-Herranz et al., 2017) or rotation (Miniaturized MEMS Grating Spectrometer, 2021) and (b) stretching (Shih et al., 2003; and Cui et al., 2011).
Published: March 2023
FIG. 7.16 MOEM tunable grating/photonic crystal coupler tuned by (a) bending ( Errando-Herranz et al., 2017 ) or rotation ( Miniaturized MEMS Grating Spectrometer, 2021 ) and (b) stretching ( Shih et al., 2003 ; and Cui et al., 2011 ). More about this image found in MOEM tunable grating/photonic crystal coupler tuned by (a) bending ( Errand...
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(a) Two-axis MEMS mirror and grating based 1 × N wavelength router (Stepanovsky, 2019). (b) A switchable wavelength add-drop filter array implemented using coupling-gap tuning of ring resonators (Takahashi et al., 2008). (c) Frequency tuning of ring resonator by changing the perimeter of the ring (Chu and Hane, 2014). (d) A ring resonator tuned by the proximity of a beam near the ring (Yao et al., 2007). (e) Tuning of a ring resonator by bending the ring to the proximity of a high refractive index rim (Errando-Herranz et al., 2015). (f) MEMS tuned microsphere switch (Blue et al., 2011).
Published: March 2023
FIG. 7.24 (a) Two-axis MEMS mirror and grating based 1 × N wavelength router ( Stepanovsky, 2019 ). (b) A switchable wavelength add-drop filter array implemented using coupling-gap tuning of ring resonators ( Takahashi et al., 2008 ). (c) Frequency tuning of ring resonator by changing More about this image found in (a) Two-axis MEMS mirror and grating based 1 × N wavelength router ( Stepan...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_frontmatter
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... of materials which could be tuned and/or engineered by various processing methods. Thus, a collective study on the role of strain and experimental methods on controlling and measuring strain and effectively controlling other functionalities and the underlying theoretical formalism is the need of the hour...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_index
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
...Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices provides a comprehensive overview of fundamentals, applications, and recent developments in the field of strain tuning of multifunctional materials. It collates and summarizes interrelations between strain and various functional...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... (a) DSC plot of Al doped VO2 ( Wu et al., 2014 ) and (b) DSC plot of W-doped VO2 ( Naik et al., 2022 ). Role of chemical doping in tuning of metal insulator transition Doping can introduce significant change in lattice parameter, which can introduce strain...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
.... FIG. 7.6 A process flow for an SOI-based MOEM ring with only the out-of-plane actuator released by wet etching and freeze drying ( Abdulla et al., 2011 ). Tuning methods in optical systems Thermo-optic, carrier plasma dispersion, electro-optic, optomechanic, and electro-mechanical effects...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
.... , and Triscone , J.-M. , “ Strain tuning of ferroelectric thin films ,” Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.   37 ( 1 ), 589 – 626 ( 2007 ). 10.1146/annurev.matsci.37.061206.113016 Tinder , R. F. , “ Tensor properties of solids, part one: Equilibrium tensor properties of solids ,” Synth. Lect. Eng.   2 ( 1...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... Schlom , D. G. , Chen , L.-Q. , Eom , C.-B. , Rabe , K. M. , Streiffer , S. K. , and Triscone , J.-M. , “ Strain tuning of ferroelectric thin films ,” Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.   37 , 589 ( 2007 ). 10.1146/annurev.matsci.37.061206.113016 Sclauzero , G. and Ederer , C...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
.... , “ Tuning a resonant energy harvester using a generalized electrical load ,” Smart Mater. Struct.   19 ( 5 ), 055003 ( 2010 ). 10.1088/0964-1726/19/5/055003 Challa , V. R. , Prasad , M. G. , Shi , Y. , and Fisher , F. T. , “ A vibration energy harvesting device with bidirectional...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_011
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... from bulk with active layers connected by strong interlayer bonds. The synthesis of such novel 2D materials can give rise to emergent physical and chemical properties. Polymorphism is another key degree of freedom that can be exploited to tune the properties, that make these 2D materials stand apart...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_006
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... ). Thus, there is a possibility of tuning the energy bandgap by utilizing the diameter of dots. The calculated energy bandgap values of indirect (Γ→L) and (Γ→X) and direct (Γ→Γ) directions using Engel–Vosko generalized gradient approximation (EVGGA) for the investigated Si at varied diameters of dots...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
...) the most important feature demonstrated in this chapter is how strain can be tuned and controlled by understanding the simple strain relaxation process of epilayers and effectively create an equivalent phase diagram that is similar to that of composition dependent morphotropic phase transition. In addition...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_009
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
...-frequency generators The most common approach to match the resonance frequency of a resonator with a changing external vibration frequency is to tune it. The resonance frequency of a generator can be tuned by altering its mechanical ( Challa et al., 2008 ; and Reissman et al., 2009...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
.... , Ramadurai , R. , and Bandyopadhyay , S. , “ Realization of rhombohedral, mixed, and tetragonal like phases of BiFeO3 and ferroelectric domain engineering using a strain tuning layer on LaAlO3 (001) substrate ,” J. Appl. Phys.   125 , 012501 ( 2019 ). 10.1063/1.5054372...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... of BiFeO3 and ferroelectric domain engineering using a strain tuning layer on LaAlO3 (001) substrate ,” J. Appl. Phys.   125 , 012501 ( 2019 ). 10.1063/1.5054372 Venkata Ramana , E. , Zavašnik , J. , Graza , M. P. F. , and Valente , M. A. , “ Magnetoelectric studies...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_002
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... life, we come across a wide range of materials and tuning their physical or chemical properties is often desired for better suitability and improved performance for specific applications. This is usually achieved by changing the thermodynamic conditions like pressure or temperature, or by applying...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... , N. , and Ullah , S. , “ Tuning ionic liquids for natural gas dehydration using COSMO-RS methodology ,” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng.   27 , 1141 – 1148 ( 2015 ). 10.1016/j.jngse.2015.09.062 Gui , C. , Zhu , R. , Li , G. , Dai , C. , Yu , G. , and Lei , Z. , “ Natural...
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