...Table 23.1 CONSORT checklist. Title and abstract 1a Identification as a randomized trial in the title 1b Structured summary of trial design, methods, results, and conclusions (for specific guidance see CONSORT for abstracts) Introduction Background and objectives 2a...

.../0013189X005010003 Glass , G. V.   et al. , Meta-Analysis in Social Research ( Sage Publications , Newbury Park, CA , 1981 ). Grant , S.   et al. , Trials   19 , 406 ( 2018 ). 10.1186/s13063-018-2735-z Grissom , R. J. and Kim , J. J. , Effect Sizes for Research: Univariate...

..., Trowbridge and McDermott (1980) carried out individual demonstration interviews in which students were shown multiple trials of metal balls rolling down two separate tracks, one or both of which were inclined, and asked to determine whether or not the balls ever had the same speed. Students' responses were...

..., validation, and extensive trialing of a concept inventory on surface phenomena. All in all, the aim of this chapter was to describe at best our possibility of how PER has contributed to our current knowledge in the field of hydrodynamics, how it has evolved in terms of methodologies used, and pedagogical...

..., commercial instruments, student-built devices, and others. Before commencing this tour of educational experiences, we review historical research on experiments that distill theoretical insights for education, although not accompanied by classroom trials. These historical studies analyze reasoning from...

... them. School physics often reduces this process by focusing students’ attention on the products of scientific research related to already simplified depictions of reality. However, sheltering students from the model-making process deprives them of the experience of doing physics in a process of trial...

... the recommended learning issues and misconceptions identified from the reported studies are put into practice for teaching and curriculum design. While most studies do provide recommendations, that tends to be the end of research reported in each publication with no report of trialing the findings. The nature...

... their work without the grade being lowered for repeated trials ( Bugge and Etkina, 2020 ). The ISLE approach is supported by an algebra-based textbook ( Etkina et al., 2019b ), the Active Learning Guide ( Etkina et al., 2019c ), and the Instructor Guide ( Etkina et al., 2019d...

... actions resembling those with no noise to be computed, do not necessarily hold if the simulation is run again (i.e., the appearance of the results from the single trial with an error parameter of 0.005 shown in Fig. 8.20 cannot be taken to imply that an error parameter of 0.005 is sufficiently small...

... of training, may pick up teaching skills through trial and error ( Roberts, 1981 ). It is not unreasonable to expect novice GTAs to follow the same patterns. GTAs generally want to do a good job in teaching, but without guidance and support they may lose that motivation ( Lin, 2008 ). Being a successful GTA...

... in identifying patterns in the data and thereby finding hints to new phenomena. The rules of logic provide rigor to physics concerning the mathematical derivation of a theorem (physical law) with a proof. Using mathematics as a technique tending to solve problems by trial and error. This approach might have...

... and superficial experimentation of the trial-and-error type on behalf of students n is necessary on the easy use of VL for linking theory and practice. Notably, VLs provide a context for students to potentially express their views and engage in productive discussions with classmates and their teacher using...

... approach in which students work in teams to solve a real problem. Their learning curve is shaped as they overcome cognitive obstacles in their way to reach a solution and test a model. PBL focuses on the solving process, in which students work out the solution by means of trial and error, data analysis...

.... A student could quickly take a second trial and compare, again increasing the number of measurements. The MBL tools encourage frequent prediction and observation cycles, where students can watch the data (as a graph) in real time. Gone are the days when students would take small data sets and record them...