... of the leading causes of blindness in humans. On the other hand, MEMS accelerometers have been deployed in pacemakers and defibrillators to diagnose unusual heart beats while enabling potential measures to reduce the risk of cardiac arrest. In most of these medical applications, data are being transmitted...

... aperture is inserted to select a transmitted beam and multiple diffracted beams [Fig. 5.1(a) ]. By doing so, the image contrast that reflects the atomic arrangement in the specimen can be obtained by the interference of the transmitted beam and multiple diffracted beams ( Williams and Carter, 2009...

... materials is an exciting result. Furthermore, some of the studies supported the development of the TPACK literature by suggesting new models. Finally, a few publications explored how TPACK was transmitted in instruction and lesson plans. There are only 16 studies with participants being pre-service...

... be of the “narrative” or the “logic-scientific” type. The “narrative” in which they involve the voices of the participants plays a vital role in transmitting meaning in a scientific disagreement and contributes to closing the gap that may exist between personal needs and contexts and so-called “scientific” solutions...

... to a range of learning styles. Multimedia modules are often presented in short, focused activities that allow students to quickly engage with confusing concepts. When information is transmitted traditionally to the learner through the textbook, the learner is viewed as a passive recipient. Engaging students...

... in their answer choices. Through an audience response system, student answers are immediately compiled, analyzed and transmitted to the instructor's computer. The instructor can quickly make a decision on subsequent teaching based on the student performance. As suggested by Crouch et al. (2007...

... and are directly transmitted to the next generation. To create new individuals, the crossover operator combines information from two parents. The mutation operator introduces small random changes to individuals in order to increase genetic diversity and expand the research space. Following each generation...

... photovoltaic hybrid energy systems, the generated energy is directly transmitted to the large power grid, and the power supplied to the users is unified by the large power grid. The distributed solar photovoltaic hybrid energy system allocates the electricity directly to the load, and excess or inadequate...

... by the electromagnet. More generally, students seemed to have difficulty with the concept of non-contact forces: they saw no way for an effect to be “transmitted” without direct contact. Bagno and Eylon (1997) studied the ideas of 250 high school students aged 17–18 majoring in physics. In a free response...

... learning models are needed ( Plageras et al., 2021 ). In essence, according to Xenakis and Brentas (2019) , in learning theories based on constructivism, knowledge is not transmitted but instead constructed by students through hands-on experiments and projects. Students...

.... L. Heron (AIP Publishing, Melville, New York, 2023), pp. 8-1–8-28. the constructive element (i.e., knowledge is not transmitted but constructed through activity), the instructive element (i.e., the content, the provision of subject domain knowledge), the situating element (i.e., learning...

... environments that do not affect the lecture part of a course. The traditional purpose of the lecture is to transmit information from the teacher to the students. Lectures may give students an overview of the field or expose them to central ideas and concepts. The mental work of making sense of these new...

...-based studies and sought to test diverse explanations, in particular focusing on psychological stereotyping. Writing on women university students, Ian Lewis argued that “the hidden curriculum of option choices and transmitted messages of stereotyping, in relation to the study of physics, do play...

..., is temporarily put aside. Also, students could associate the image of the rubber balls interacting, and, thus, transmit pressure changes, to the idea of friction between balls. Finally, the same authors note that in a pedagogical approach to hydrostatics, the discrete and ordered nature of the elements that make...

.... Hubber (2005) also identified some alternative conceptions of his students about color, such as: “The function of a filter is to change the color of the transmitted light”; “The color of the reflected light from an object is obtained from the object”; and “The color is an inherent property of the object...

..., these artifacts can be seen as “culturally rooted tools that represent and transmit modes of action” ( Brown, 2009 , p. 21) and they “play an important role in affording and constraining teachers' actions” (ibid., p. 19). In this case, the implementation of resources could be viewed more in terms...

... for adults to learn about agricultural technologies or disease prevention. Also in connection to health, to teach communities about the use of antibiotics, vaccines, and prevention of sexually transmitted infections. In contrast, NGOs doing outreach activities in the country to provide information about...

...: historical experiments and instruments, historical narratives and story-telling, and openings to feminism and indigenous knowledge. Each tour commences at the high elevations that dominate physics education today, where instruction is hierarchically structured and transmitted, with students in passive roles...

... driven by some sort of external influence Change can be slow and incremental The changes might result in the construction of “hybrids” the source of knowledge (knowledge as transmitted stuff, knowledge as fabricated stuff, knowledge as free creation, and others) forms...