FIG. 6.1 Arduino UNO. Single-board microcontroller (left picture) (see: https://shorturl.at/norsW ) and Phyphox app (right picture) (see: https://shorturl.at/fCDLM ). More about this image found in Arduino UNO. Single-board microcontroller (left picture) (see: https://sho...

FIG. 3.3 Summary of PV models and solution strategies for single and multi-objective optimization models. More about this image found in Summary of PV models and solution strategies for single and multi-objective...

FIG. 4.6 Solar photovoltaic tracking systems: (a) fixed axis; (b) single axis (vertical); (c) single axis (horizontal); and (d) double axis. More about this image found in Solar photovoltaic tracking systems: (a) fixed axis; (b) single axis (verti...

FIG. 3.8 Schematic diagram of single cycle of quasi-ALE of silicon nitride ( Sherpa and Ranjan, 2017 ). More about this image found in Schematic diagram of single cycle of quasi-ALE of silicon nitride ( Sherpa ...

FIG. 7.2 (a) Single ring add-drop configuration. (b) Through and drop port power spectrum to add drop filter. The power coupling coefficient |κ|² is 20% for critically coupled, 10% for coupled, and 40% for over coupled cases. The absorption coefficient is 3551 m⁻¹. More about this image found in (a) Single ring add-drop configuration. (b) Through and drop port power spe...

FIG. 7.15 Rotating mirror with (a) single degree of freedom ( Lin et al., 2000 ) and (b) two degrees of freedom ( Kudrle et al., 2005 ). More about this image found in Rotating mirror with (a) single degree of freedom ( Lin et al.,...

FIG. 7.23 (a) Strictly non-blocking 2D N × N switch requiring N² single axis mirrors ( Stepanovsky, 2019 ; and Horsley et al., 2005 ). (b) A 3-axis micromirror array capable of N × N routing using 2 N mirrors ( Stepanovsky, 2019 ). (c) An N × N planar switch implemented using tunable directional couplers ( Han et al., 2015 ; and Stepanovsky, 2019 ). More about this image found in (a) Strictly non-blocking 2D N × N switch requiring N² single ax...

FIG. 8.4 Schematic of an SBD with a single-step field plate with length L_FP and height h_FP connected to the Schottky electrode. The × and ∗ symbols indicate the positions of peak off-state electric fields, whose intensities are determined by both L_FP and h_FP. More about this image found in Schematic of an SBD with a single-step field plate with length L...

FIG. 4.2 (a) In situ XRD pattern showing the evolution of M1 (011) phase to the R phase; (b) M1 (020) phase to the R phase with temperature during heating cycle ( Sohn et al., 2009 ); and (c) in situ Raman spectra of VO₂ single crystal during the heating cycle ( Singh and Viswanath, 2017 ). More about this image found in (a) In situ XRD pattern showing the evolution of M1 (011) ...

FIG. 9.11 An illustration of the working mechanism of four fundamental TENG modes: (a) contact mode, (b) sliding mode, (c) single-electrode mode, and (d) freestanding triboelectric layer mode. More about this image found in An illustration of the working mechanism of four fundamental TENG modes: (a...

FIG. 7.21 (a) Photonic-crystal-based spectrometer with an integrated photodiode for gas sensing ( Zobenica et al., 2017 ). (b) A silica-microsphere-based optomechanical spring sensor for single molecule sensing ( Yu et al., 2016 ). More about this image found in (a) Photonic-crystal-based spectrometer with an integrated photodiode for g...

FIG. 8.7 Microstructural evolution in a thin film system with isotropic elasticity and two films in the simulation cell; the far-field composition is 0.01. From the top left, the microstructures correspond to (non-dimensional) time units: t = 78 800, t = 84 800, t = 100 800 and t = 251 000, respectively. Note that relatively, the break-up is faster for two films as compared to the case of a single film in the simulation cell. More about this image found in Microstructural evolution in a thin film system with isotropic elasticity a...

FIG. 4.1 Block diagram of sensor system: sensor array, amplifiers, multiplexer, and filters integrated on a single chip. Reproduced with permission from Zimmermann et al., Sens. Actuators B 131 (1), 254–264 (2008). Copyright 2008 Elsevier. More about this image found in Block diagram of sensor system: sensor array, amplifiers, multiplexer, and ...

FIG. 7.13 (a) Top view of a tunable directional coupler tuned using the longitudinal movement of a phase-matched waveguide resulting in different lengths of the coupling region. (b) Possible cross-section views of phase-matched waveguides in a directional coupler showing the change of waveguide se... More about this image found in (a) Top view of a tunable directional coupler tuned using the longitudinal ...