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FIG. 7.1 The two simplest ring resonator configurations is a ring resonator shown in (a), giving a spectrum shown in (b), which looks like a notch filter response when the ring has finite loss. The power coupling coefficient |κ|² is 20% for critically coupled, 10% for coupled More about this image found in The two simplest ring resonator configurations is a ring resonator shown in...

FIG. 5.2 Formation energy diagram of O interstitials and O vacancies, shown for (a) Ga-rich and (b) O-rich conditions. Adapted with permission from Ingebrigtsen et al., APL Mater. 7 (2), 022510 (2019). Copyright 2019 AIP Publishing LLC. More about this image found in Formation energy diagram of O interstitials and O vacancies, shown for (a) ...

FIG. 4.11 Compositions of [(a),(c), and (e)] product gas and [(b),(d), and (f)] exhaust gas in cases I, II, and III are shown in Table 4.1 ( Duraiswamy et al., 2010 ). More about this image found in Compositions of [(a),(c), and (e)] product gas and [(b),(d), and (f)] exhau...

FIG. 3.6 Schematic illustration of periodic dilation (elongation and contraction) of the lattice, which leads to a variation of the bandgap shown below. More about this image found in Schematic illustration of periodic dilation (elongation and contraction) of...

FIG. 7.2 The context for the explosion question. The diagram illustrates how the array of porthole observers can be used to measure the distance between the locations at which the explosions occur. During the interviews, students were not shown this diagram—instead, the interviews were used More about this image found in The context for the explosion question. The diagram illustrates how the arr...

FIG. 3.9 Paper-based piezoresistive force sensor. (a) Schematic diagram of a paper-based force sensor using a carbon resistor (shown in black) as the sensing component, contact pads shown in silver ink (shown in blue) with perforation of fold lines made by a laser cutter; (b) folded sensor More about this image found in Paper-based piezoresistive force sensor. (a) Schematic diagram of a paper-b...

FIG. 10.3 The hydrogen chloride molecule is shown rotating around the x axis (θ) and vibrating by the stretching and compression of the H–Cl bond (r_e)—two independent one-dimensional phenomena that can be modeled by the 1DPB wave functions More about this image found in The hydrogen chloride molecule is shown rotating around the x...

FIG. 1.7 1/χ is schematically shown as a function of temperature, T. It vanishes at T = θ. More about this image found in 1/χ is schematically shown as a function of temperature, ...

FIG. 1.9 The change in energy per particle is shown as a function of the polarization, P. The magnetic state stabilizes for large β. More about this image found in The change in energy per particle is shown as a function of the polarizatio...

FIG. 1.12 The energy levels and the corresponding states are shown upto order t²/U. More about this image found in The energy levels and the corresponding states are shown upto order

FIG. 1.13 The bands for ↑ and ↓-spins are shown. The Fermi energy (ɛ_F) is marked by a horizontal line, while the dashed horizontal line denotes a reference, which is at separated by an energy Δ from the bottom of the ↑ and ↓-spin bands. The shaded area denotes filled energy More about this image found in The bands for ↑ and ↓-spins are shown. The Fermi energy (ɛ_F...

FIG. 1.15 Density of states (DOS) along x-axis is shown as a function of energy (E) shown along y-axis. (a) The lower (light yellow) and the upper (light blue) Hubbard bands are shown. The band gap scales with the Hubbard interaction, U. (b) The lower and upper More about this image found in Density of states (DOS) along x-axis is shown as a functio...

FIG. 2.16 Geometry of a zigzag graphene nanoribbon is shown. The white and the red circles represent A and B sublattices respectively. (m, n) denote the unit cell index in x and y) directions. More about this image found in Geometry of a zigzag graphene nanoribbon is shown. The white and the red ci...

FIG. 2.17 The Hofstadter butterfly is shown for graphene. The fractal structure as a function of the external flux (scaled by the flux quantum), that is, Φ/Φ₀ can be seen. More about this image found in The Hofstadter butterfly is shown for graphene. The fractal structure as a ...

FIG. 3.20 The spatial dependence of the wavefunction is shown. It falls off exponentially on either side of x = 0, the left of which denotes a topological phase, while the right represents a trivial phase. More about this image found in The spatial dependence of the wavefunction is shown. It falls off exponenti...

FIG. 3.30 The anomalous Hall conductivity is shown as a function of the Fermi energy. There is a distinct plateau in the vicinity of the zero-Fermi energy. More about this image found in The anomalous Hall conductivity is shown as a function of the Fermi energy....

FIG. 4.3 The superconducting elements are shown in the periodic table. The ones shown in blue demonstrate superconductivity at ambient pressure, while those in green become superconducting at high pressure. More about this image found in The superconducting elements are shown in the periodic table. The ones show...

FIG. 4.7 A simply connected superconductor is shown with a “hole” within. C denotes a contour of integration in Eq. ( 4.13 ). More about this image found in A simply connected superconductor is shown with a “hole” w...

FIG. 4.9 Magnetic phase diagrams for type-I superconductors are shown. There is a direct transition from the superconductor to the normal phase in type-I superconductors. More about this image found in Magnetic phase diagrams for type-I superconductors are shown. There is a di...

FIG. 4.10 Magnetic phase diagrams for type-II superconductors are shown. In type-II materials, there is an intermediate phase that interrupts a direct transition, where the flux lines penetrate. More about this image found in Magnetic phase diagrams for type-II superconductors are shown. In type-II m...