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Several studies conducted on student learning have been aimed at establishing how students acquire a quantum view of phenomena using phenomenographic methods (top left) or quantum-classic index (top right). In both types of research, different types of questions are used, sometimes also used in an integrated way (the three central gray ovals): open questions, the analysis of which requires qualitative methods of analysis; multiple choice questions (often with a request for motivation) or in which the student expresses their degree of agreement, which are generally analyzed with a quantitative. All these research studies are integrated with interviews and sometimes with case study analysis. Student learning is also analyzed with tutorials, when integrated into tests of innovative teaching paths (in particular at high schools—oval in the top center), and with standardized assessment inventories (at university—the oval below).

Several studies conducted on student learning have been aimed at establishi...

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in Research Studies on Learning Quantum Physics > The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics
Published: March 2023
FIG. 8.2 Several studies conducted on student learning have been aimed at establishing how students acquire a quantum view of phenomena using phenomenographic methods (top left) or quantum-classic index (top right). In both types of research, different types of questions are used, sometimes also More about this image found in Several studies conducted on student learning have been aimed at establishi...
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Several processes governing the thin-film growth are depicted schematically.

Several processes governing the thin-film growth are depicted schematically...

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in Impact of Strain on the Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of III-Nitride Semiconductor Heterostructures > Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices
Published: March 2023
FIG. 3.1 Several processes governing the thin-film growth are depicted schematically. More about this image found in Several processes governing the thin-film growth are depicted schematically...
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Calculated formation energy diagrams for several transition-metal substitutional Ga-site donor dopants in β-Ga2O3 shown for both Ga-rich/O-poor conditions (a) and O-rich/Ga-poor conditions (b).

Calculated formation energy diagrams for several transition-metal substitut...

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in Dopants in β-Ga2O3: From Theory to Experiments > Ultrawide Bandgap β-Ga2O3 SemiconductorTheory and Applications
Published: February 2023
FIG. 6.3 Calculated formation energy diagrams for several transition-metal substitutional Ga-site donor dopants in β-Ga2O3 shown for both Ga-rich/O-poor conditions (a) and O-rich/Ga-poor conditions (b). Reproduced with permission from Saleh et al., Semicond. Sci More about this image found in Calculated formation energy diagrams for several transition-metal substitut...
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The calculated transition levels of several candidate donor dopants in β-(AlxGa1–x)2O3 alloys shown as a function of Al content, as adapted with permission from (a) Varley et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 116, 172104 (2020). Copyright 2020 AIP Publishing LLC and (b) Mu et al., Phys. Rev. B 105 (2022). Copyright 2020 AIP Publishing LLC. The lines denote the ε(±) transition for C, Si, and Sn, and the ε(±) transition for Ge, Zr, Hf, and Ta dopants on the most favorable cation sites. The CBM energy (shaded green and yellow) is plotted with respect to the VBM energy of Ga2O3 for all compositions using the calculated energies from Peelaers et al. (2018). The Al content at which a given dopant's defect level falls within the bandgap and thus the dopant is no longer expected to efficiently ionize at room temperature is included in parentheses.

The calculated transition levels of several candidate donor dopants in β-(A...

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in Dopants in β-Ga2O3: From Theory to Experiments > Ultrawide Bandgap β-Ga2O3 SemiconductorTheory and Applications
Published: February 2023
FIG. 6.17 The calculated transition levels of several candidate donor dopants in β-(AlxGa1–x)2O3 alloys shown as a function of Al content, as adapted with permission from (a) Varley et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 116 , 172104 (2020). Copyright 2020 More about this image found in The calculated transition levels of several candidate donor dopants in β-(A...
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(a) Schematic of a β-Ga2O3 SBD with a trench-filled SiO2 dielectric for edge termination. (b) Forward I–V characteristics and differential RON,sp of several representative devices. (c) Reverse breakdown characteristics of several representative devices.

(a) Schematic of a β-Ga2O3 SBD with a trench-filled S...

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in High Breakdown Voltage β-Ga2O3 Schottky Diodes > Ultrawide Bandgap β-Ga2O3 SemiconductorTheory and Applications
Published: February 2023
FIG. 8.13 (a) Schematic of a β-Ga2O3 SBD with a trench-filled SiO2 dielectric for edge termination. (b) Forward I–V characteristics and differential RON,sp of several representative devices. (c) Reverse breakdown More about this image found in (a) Schematic of a β-Ga2O3 SBD with a trench-filled S...
Book Chapter

The Role and Impact of Virtual Laboratories in Physics Teaching and Learning: A Synthesis of Literature

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_002
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... ( Hofstein and Lunetta, 2004 ; Psillos and Niedderer, 2006 ; and NRC, 2013 ). However, students face several difficulties in the physical laboratory: being involved in time-consuming procedures taking measurements and transforming them into data, focusing often to instrument manipulations and task...
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Book Chapter

Multi-Objective Optimization of the Solar Photovoltaic System for Better Sustainability

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425613_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2561-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2560-6
... fuels. Solar photovoltaic modeling is an important stage for implementing solar photovoltaic technologies. In fact, photovoltaic modeling has been widely studied in several types of research. For instance, Franco and Groesser (2021) stated that 48% of papers between 2006 and 2020 regarding...
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Book Chapter

Student Understanding of Thermal Physics

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
.... Several papers are highlighted with an interdisciplinary focus. Next come papers with ideas relevant to statistical physics. The section ends with a discussion of the work focused on student understanding of the mathematical underpinnings of thermal physics. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion...
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Book Chapter

Physics Computational Literacy: What, Why, and How?

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_019
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... and learning physics. For example, physics provided the context for several of the earliest documented examples of computational curricular materials for university-level science education ( Ellis and Lang, 1965 ; Schwarz et al., 1969 ; Blum, 1971 ; and Back Matter, 1976 ) and implementations...
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Book Chapter

Radioactivity, Radiation, and Particle Physics in General

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_009
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... There are several reasons why national curricula require children to learn about radiation, radioactivity, and particle physics in general. From a theoretical standpoint, cutting-edge experiments in particle physics, such as those conducted with the LHC at CERN that confirmed the Higgs boson, help us better...
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Book Chapter

Evaluation of Physics Textbooks

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_017
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... discussion on science textbooks. There are two reasons why this generalization is useful: the discipline of physics is sometimes incorporated into science in several countries, especially at the secondary education level, and there are results from many science textbook evaluation studies...
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Book Chapter

Epilogue

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_027
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... STEM education. Beginning in about the mid-20th century, a sense of awareness of the state of science, mathematics and technology education in the United States spawned by Sputnik led to a curriculum development movement in the sciences, particularly in physics. Several K–12 curriculum projects focused...
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Book Chapter

Physics Teacher Education for Early Science Learners

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_013
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... approach without imposing a separation. With this in mind, we can list several physics-related topics, all of which are explored in greater depth later in primary school: simple astronomical and weather observations (and measurements), motion and forces, phases of matter and phase transitions (with water...
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Book Chapter

Fluids in Equilibrium and Hydrodynamics

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_002
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... interested in studying fluid mechanics to better understand the natural world, develop and test theoretical models and computational techniques, and exploit them to improve people's lives. The foundations and applications of fluid mechanics are considered relevant in several scientific and technical fields...
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Book Chapter

Data-Driven Adaptive Sparse Modeling of Chemical Process Systems

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Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_010
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... reduced-order models are used for predicting reservoir fluid flow dynamics. Additionally, data-driven modeling based on the Koopman operator theory has been successfully implemented for several system identification applications. According to Koopman theory, a finite-dimensional nonlinear system can have...
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Book Chapter

Teaching Practices

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_024
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... or improving inquiry-based instruction. Descriptions of teaching practices associated with knowledge processes Studies on classroom discursive practices illustrate the great variety of discursive actions at several scales in relation to knowledge processes. Moreover, these processes are also varied; they deal...
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Book Chapter

Physics Teacher Professional Learning

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_015
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
..., and opportunities for CPD. In the following section, several models for teacher professional learning are presented, starting from the original idea of PCK and its refinement over a few decades. Subsequently, we discuss strategies for teacher professional learning that promote teacher collaboration and reflective...
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Book Chapter

The Meanings of Physics Equations in the Context of the Interplay between Physics and Mathematics

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_019
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... in students' learning of physical concepts ( Chi et al., 1994 ; Arons, 1997 ; Etkina et al., 2006 ; and Halloun, 2006 ). Several crucial semantic relations are extracted based on the distinction of ontological categories. For a correct understanding of a physical concept or theory...
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Book Chapter

Pre-Service Physics Teacher Education

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_014
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... Education Pre-service physics teacher education programs typically combine several different programmatic elements. Meltzer (2021) points to three longstanding recommendations on which programmatic elements need to be utilized to prepare physics teachers: (1) thorough preparation in deep pedagogical...
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Book Chapter

Students' Understandings of Electricity and Magnetism

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_005
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... not being charged by rubbing to material properties of the metal or the cloth or insufficient rubbing. Several papers describing teaching and learning in non-didactic settings indicate that internalizing the canonical model of attraction/repulsion and charging/polarization in conductors and insulators takes...
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