FIG. 7.13 The magnified regions of various locations of (a) experimentally observed domain pattern of tetragonal BFO and the respective (b) theoretical observation from tetragonal BFO. More about this image found in The magnified regions of various locations of (a) experimentally observed d...

FIG. 1.6 Comparison of the LCOP distributions for HDPE production ( He et al., 2018 ). (AP region: M = 0 , N † = 30 , N + = 500 , N Θ = 15 000 ; GC region: M = 0 , N † = 116 , N + = 500 , N Θ = 58 000 ). More about this image found in Comparison of the LCOP distributions for HDPE production ( He et al...

FIG. 1.7 Comparison of the GWP distributions for the HDPE production ( He et al., 2018 ). (AP region: M = 0 , N † = 30 , N + = 500 , N Θ = 15 000 ; GC region: M = 0 , N † = 116 , N + = 500 , N Θ = 58 000 ). More about this image found in Comparison of the GWP distributions for the HDPE production ( He et...

FIG. 5.15 Schematic illustrations showing the image distortion correction scheme ( Sang and LeBeau, 2014 ; Dycus et al., 2015 ; Fujinaka et al., 2020 ; and Sato et al., 2020 ). (a) Intended scanned region, distorted scanned region due to scanning system, distorted scanned region due to scanning system and sample drift, and a crystal lattice in the regions. Distorted image (b) due to scanning system and sample drift and (c) due to scanning system. (d) Distortion-corrected image. The filled and open circles represent cation positions in a cubic peroskite-type oxide unit cell. More about this image found in Schematic illustrations showing the image distortion correction scheme ( Sa...

FIG. 5.19 Selected-area diffraction pattern measured from PMN–PT ( Sato et al., 2014 ). Magnified (a) 3 ¯ 33 and (b) 005 spot measured from a region including nanodomains a and b. Magnified (c) 3 ¯ 3 3 ¯ and (d) 00 4 ¯ spot measured from a region including nanodomains c and d. (e) Magnified 2 2 ¯ 0 spot and (f) its splitting pattern measured from a region including nanodomains a–d. The triangles in (a)–(d) highlight the split of the spots. More about this image found in Selected-area diffraction pattern measured from PMN–PT ( Sato et al...

FIG. 8.3 Schematic of perturbation at the free surface (denoted by γ). The regions where interface displacements are prescribed is denoted by Γ. More about this image found in Schematic of perturbation at the free surface (denoted by γ...

FIG. 3.14 Structure of typical III-nitride LEDs. Device operation depends on the lateral current injection. The buffer layer is grown on a substrate at low temperatures to accommodate high lattice mismatch. (a) InGaN MQW-based LEDs for blue/green/yellow LEDs. AlGaN-based electron blocking layer is used to prevent injected electrons from escaping the active region. (b) AlGaN MQW-based UV LEDs. p-GaN is grown on p-AlGaN to prevent oxidation of aluminum. More about this image found in Structure of typical III-nitride LEDs. Device operation depends on the late...

FIG. 7.13 (a) Top view of a tunable directional coupler tuned using the longitudinal movement of a phase-matched waveguide resulting in different lengths of the coupling region. (b) Possible cross-section views of phase-matched waveguides in a directional coupler showing the change of waveguide se... More about this image found in (a) Top view of a tunable directional coupler tuned using the longitudinal ...

FIG. 5.12 Cross-sectional STEM images of YBCO with BZO [(a)–(d)] and strain maps determined by peak-pairs analysis of cross-sectional STEM images [(e)–(i)] ( Llordés et al., 2012 ). (a) and (b) Low-magnification and high-magnification image showing the bending of YBCO planes around BZO. (c) and (d) High-resolution images showing the interface between two different BZO particles with two different orientations and matrix. (e) Z-contrast image from which the strain maps were generated; the red arrows indicate two close intergrowths. (f) Grid obtained by peak-pairs analysis from the image of (e), the red rectangle indicates the region of the image taken as reference. (g)–(i) ε_xx, ε_yy, and ε_xY maps, respectively. Reproduced with permission from Llordés et al., Nat. Mater. 11 , 329–333 (2012). Copyright 2012 Springer Nature. More about this image found in Cross-sectional STEM images of YBCO with BZO [(a)–(d)] and strain maps dete...

FIG. 3.28 The Chern number phase diagram for the Haldane model. The red region corresponds to C = 1, while the blue one denotes C = −1. The white region outside the lobes refers to a trivial insulator with C = 0. More about this image found in The Chern number phase diagram for the Haldane model. The red region corres...

FIG. 3.34 The phase diagram for the Kane–Mele model.The light blue region corresponds to Z 2 = 1 , which denotes a quantum spin Hall insulator. The white region outside the lobe refers to a trivial insulator with Z 2 = 0 . More about this image found in The phase diagram for the Kane–Mele model.The light blue region corresponds...

FIG. 5.16 Model of a heterostructure incorporating a planar defect (red highlighted region) and a β-phase bulk-like region (blue highlighted region). Colors of atoms: Ga_I (green), Ga_II (blue), O_I (red), O_II (orange), and O_III (yellow). Reproduced with permission from Johnson et al., APL Mater. 9 (5), 051103 (2021). Copyright 2021 AIP Publishing LLC. More about this image found in Model of a heterostructure incorporating a planar defect (red highlighted r...