...Table 23.1 CONSORT checklist. Title and abstract 1a Identification as a randomized trial in the title 1b Structured summary of trial design, methods, results, and conclusions (for specific guidance see CONSORT for abstracts) Introduction Background and objectives 2a...

... (response vectors) begin as their own cluster. This initial set of clusters is iteratively reduced by joining the two nearest clusters using the distance metric to form one larger cluster. If more than two clusters are equidistant at the nearest distance, two of these clusters are joined at random...

... this, which we will now discuss. The second author ( Jansky, 2019 ) investigated whether students' ideas on probability and randomness (that mathematics education researchers had previously documented) would also manifest when students learn about radioactivity. She developed a teaching unit on probability...

... and important approach to research at larger scales ( Madsen et al., 2017 ). For one recent example, Deslauriers et al. (2019) used a randomized experimental approach to compare “passive lectures with active learning.” They used two instruments, one a test of conceptual understanding...

... is size-independent. When a Monte Carlo simulation is used to analyze reliability and local sensitivity, the problem to be solved must first be transformed into the expected value of a probability model. Then, random digital simulation experiments are carried out on the probability model. Finally...

... ) comprising of internal depolarization field E ^d( r ) resulting from dipole–dipole interactions (f_dipole), externally applied field E ^ext, and a random field E ^random( r ) arising due to compositional heterogeneity of the polar solid solution ( Wang...

... emitted in random directions decreases as 1/r² Energy level in an atom Wave length of an electron in an atom Value of the action of a macrosystem with respect to h in explaining why quantum effects are not seen in macrosystems Fletcher (1997) QMIT 1 N = QMIT 2 level...

... and suffers from random noise. To find the best solution to the optimization problem, a genetic algorithm based on elitist preservation was used. As a popular evolutionary algorithm, the genetic algorithm was first developed by Holland (1992) . It can be used for both heliostat field layout optimization...

... ), 166 – 168 ( 2022 ). 10.1119/5.0033824 Dweck , C. S. , Mindset: The New Psychology of Success ( Random House Digital, Inc. , 2008 ). Espinosa , T.   et al. , Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res.   15 ( 1 ), 010132 ( 2019 ). 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.15.010132 Gonsalves...

.... A temperature setpoint excitation signal is used, generated from a pseudo-random binary signal (PRBS) and denoted by dashed line in Fig. 9.3 . The resulting excitation setpoint trajectory has values of either 23 ∘ C or 25 ∘ C. The input-output data is collected with minute samples. All simulated...

... ( 2004 ). 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.08.027 Wang , S. , Yi , M. , and Xu , B.-X. , “ A phase-field model of relaxor ferroelectrics based on random field theory ,” Int. J. Solids Struct.   83 , 142 – 153 ( 2016 ). 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2016.01.007 Woo , C. and Zheng , Y...

... at every time instant; the probability is based on the ratio of the individual event over the sum of overall reaction rates ( r t , u p p e r = Σ r s i + r m ). Then, having this rate distribution, a random number, ξ p 1 ∈ ( 0 , 1 ] , is generated...

... No. 269, Center for the Study of Reading, 1983 . Paunesku , D.   et al. , Psychol. Sci.   26 , 784 – 793 ( 2015 ). 10.1177/0956797615571017 Piaget , J. , Six Psychological Studies ( Random House , 1967 ). Polya , G. , How to Solve It ( Princeton University Press...

.... There are a large number of objective functions when we design a PV system, which can be classified into technical, economic, environmental, and social–political terms, as detailed as follows. Technical objectives Since solar radiation is intrinsically random and unstable, the accurate estimation of the supply...

....   26 , 784 – 793 ( 2015 ). 10.1177/0956797615571017 Piaget , J. , Six Psychological Studies ( Random House , 1967 ). Polya , G. , How to Solve It ( Princeton University Press , Princeton, NJ , 1945 ). Price , A.   et al. , CBE-Life Sci. Educ.   20 , 1 – 15...

... probability mathematical statistics models with high confidence and determining the optimal random sampling scheme. Furthermore, the processing and transformation of shale gas resources involve a large number of unit operations and process production models ( Gao et al., 2017 ). The accuracy of its...

...) developed an “animated” version of the Force Concept Inventory, in which short and simple computer animation replaced the static diagrams of each question in the original version of the test. During a series of interviews, students were initially shown a random mix of questions, half of which were...

... Moles of active site type 1, 2 To generate data for this case study, we performed open-loop simulations of Eqs. (10.8) –( 10.9 ). We collected 60 datasets from random input profiles, where each dataset contains time-series data for a 10 h process duration. To each dataset, SINDy is applied...