... ) with ω = ck. For our purposes of intense laser fields, some convenient approximations can be made here. First, we adopt the quasi-monochromatic approximation, fully consistent with the available laboratory pulses, where the field is propagating with a wavevector peaked around a central...

... (the magnetic phase is mostly electronically conducting) and greater freedom and flexibility in the fabrication. 2-2 type ME composites are deposited by different techniques such as pulsed laser deposition, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, spin coating, spray pyrolysis, and spin...

..., 2.0] ,” Physica B   223–224 , 399 – 401 ( 1996 ). 10.1016/0921-4526(96)00134-2 Kulovits , A. K. , Leonard , J. P. , and Wiezorek , J. M. K. , “ Microstructure of pulsed laser deposited FePd thin films on amorphous and crystalline substrates ,” Intermetallics   15 , 1606 – 1611...

.... , Moser , N. A. , Crespo , A. , Thomson , D. B. , Fitch , R. C. , McCandless , J. P. , and Jessen , G. H. , “ Highly conductive homoepitaxial Si-doped Ga₂O₃ films on (010) β-Ga₂O₃ by pulsed laser deposition ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   111 ( 1...

... ). 10.7567/1347-4065/ab4f90 Ou , S.-L. , Wuu , D.-S. , Fu , Y.-C. , Liu , S.-P. , Horng , R.-H. , Liu , L. , and Feng , Z.-C. , “ Growth and etching characteristics of gallium oxide thin films by pulsed laser deposition ,” Mater. Chem. Phys.   133 ( 2 ), 700 – 705 ( 2012...

... thin films of 10 nm and 70 nm thickness of VO₂ were grown on TiO₂ substrate via pulsed laser deposition. In this work, a 10-nm-thick VO₂ (001) thin film showed a resistivity drop at a lower transition temperature near 290 K, while a 70-nm-thick VO₂ film...

... integrated with several other techniques such as micro-electrodischarge machining ( Bhatt et al., 2015 ) and laser machining. Thin films can be deposited via sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, electron-beam evaporation...

... erbium-doped fiber laser with soliton pulse shaping ,” Opt. Lett.   14 ( 22 ), 1269 ( 1989 ). 10.1364/OL.14.001269 Kaya , S. , Weeber , J. C. , Zacharatos , F. , Hassan , K. , Bernardin , T. , Cluzel , B.   et al. , “ Photo-thermal modulation of surface plasmon...

.../1.3673854 Carlson , R. O. , Slack , G. A. , and Silverman , S. J. , “ Thermal conductivity of GaAs and GaAs_1−xP_x laser semiconductors ,” J. Appl. Phys.   36 ( 2 ), 505 – 507 ( 1965 ). 10.1063/1.1714018 Chae , J. , An , S. , Ramer , G...

... al., 2019 , 2020a , 2020b , 2020c ; and Ranga et al., 2019 , 2020b ), and PLD (Pulsed laser deposition) ( Wakabayashi et al., 2018 ). Oshima et al. reported the first account of β-(Al_xGa_1-x)₂O₃ growth using plasma...

... systems in the form of epitaxial thin films. In 2003, Wang et al. (2003) first demonstrated the successful fabrication of BFO in the form of epiaxial thin films on single crystal substrates using pulsed laser ablation and from then there is a flurry of literature available on BFO thin films...

... and Lechuga, Analyst 135 , 827–836 ( 2010 ). Copyright 2010 Royal Society of Chemistry. Types of detection methods Optical methods Currently, there are various types of optical methods; the most common among them is optical beam based deflection technique. The laser light focused on the tip...

... to fabricate intermediate buffer layers and REBCO layers are as follows: IBAD and pulsed laser deposition (PLD); IBAD and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD); IBAD and metalorganic deposition (MOD); IBAD and reactive co-evaporation (RCE); and RABiTS and MOD. The development of long-length coated...

.... , Szöke , A. , and Comella , M. J. , “ Multiphoton ionization from a short-range potential by short-pulse lasers ,” J. Phys. B   21 , 3899 ( 1988 ). 10.1088/0953-4075/21/23/010 Cormier , E. and Lambropoulos , P. , “ Optimal gauge and gauge invariance in non-perturbative time...

... physics, Christensen et al. examined students' conceptual understanding related to the interaction of light with matter in a unit that included microscopy, laser eye surgery, and pulse oximetry, and which involved students in tasks using actual medical devices ( Christensen et al., 2013...

... , J. P. , and Wiezorek , J. M. K. , “ Microstructure of pulsed laser deposited FePd thin films on amorphous and crystalline substrates ,” Intermetallics   15 , 1606 – 1611 ( 2007 ). 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.06.015 Landin , S. and Ågren , J. , “ Thermodynamic assessment...

... Learning outcome Related variables Hardware used Software acquisition and analysis Reference Kinematics Calculation of free fall's time h, t LCD, laser sensor, electromagnet module, Arduino UNO ( Arduino UNO ) … Süzen and Kayaalp, 2019 Understanding of the conservation...