... of up-to-date references. Aoun , J. , Robot-Proof: Higher Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence , 1st ed. ( MIT Press , 2017 ). APLU and UCSU , Delivering 21st Century Skills ( Coalition of Urban Serving University and Association of Public & Land Grant Universities...

... of up-to-date references. Aoun , J. , Robot-Proof: Higher Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence , 1st ed. ( MIT Press , 2017 ). APLU and UCSU , Delivering 21st Century Skills ( Coalition of Urban Serving University and Association of Public & Land Grant Universities...

... as feedback to influence the same students in order for the assessment practice to be formative. We also consider that the burden of proof for any formative assessment should rest with those who carry out the formative practices. To that end, a priori discussion about whether an assessment...

... definitions and is based above all on the proof of statements on the basis of well-defined terms and clearly stated assumptions and relying on the rules of logic. The thoroughness of this procedure can be transferred to physics as long as the terms are defined and the assumptions are valid. This is in physics...

... students visualize a central notion in their profession. Two physics participants mentioned that instead of proving the formula T = 2πl/g (the proof is in 3rd grade upper secondary school physics textbook—a mathematical MoR), they prefer to provide the formula and use the interactive physics...

... to reach consensus in blockchains. The most common are the Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of stake (PoS), and Delegated Proof of stake (DpoS) consensus mechanisms. In the PoW mechanism, miners compete to solve a complex mathematical problem thereby expending energy resources. The mathematical problem usually...

... from observing simple experiments to identifying patterns, devising multiple explanations for the patterns and experimentally testing them for ruling out (not proof) is one aspect of the philosophical approach to the content. The other aspect is the strategic use of graphical representations as bridges...

...) reported an electrostatic MEMS generator using a similar concept for transducing the power from human motion, where a miniaturized tungsten ball is impacting with a movable proof mass of silicon. The motion of the silicon proof mass is confined by the nonlinear elastic stoppers on the fixed part standing...

..., knowledge claims—contain elements of uncertainty, which they attribute to missing information or to methods for obtaining the evidence. Although they use evidence, they do not understand how evidence entails a conclusion 4 “I'd be more inclined to believe evolution if they had proof It's just like...

... and practice scientific skills; (c) designing activities depending on research outcomes from a social-constructivist perspective of the teaching-learning process in the classroom; and (d) presenting (usually) proof of student learning. These shared suppositions can be considered at large grain sizes...

...-solving. In particular, when grading example solutions, instructors sometimes rewarded brief solutions and placed the burden of proof on themselves when grading, not encouraging students to show their work. Their reluctance to take off points because nothing was incorrect in a brief, three-line student...

... of your results and inferences based on those results, what do you want to do next?). The lab is not “instructor proof” and even experienced instructors who readily support the goals of the curriculum may struggle to be an effective mediator ( Phillips et al., 2021 ). Graded instructor check-ins...

... measured values as “empirical proof” for his 1 r 2 -law and the replication of the Oldenburg-group showed that the torsion balance replicated according to source information creates considerable metrological problems. Apparently, Coulomb's design of the experiment and the data analysis had...

... and communication within a course context ( Odden and Caballero, 2019 ; Odden et al., 2019 ; Odden and Burk, 2020 ; and Odden and Malthe-Sørenssen, 2021 ). Across this somewhat limited body of work, most of the research has focused on describing proofs-of-concept and articulating design principles...

... Technology and Applications (CCTA) , August 27 ( IEEE , 2017 ), pp. 2164 – 2171 . Nakamoto , S. , Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System ( Manubot , 2019 ). Nazeim , see https://docs.waves.tech/en/blockchain/leasing for “Leased Proof-of-Stake (LpoS)” (accessed August 4...