...., in the emission/absorption) can be described with concepts such as probability density and state Physical meaning of ψ (ψ-function as charge distribution or probability density distribution) Graph of ψ in different states Physical meaning of the concept of state and its connection...

... be described with concepts such as probability density and state Physical meaning of ψ (ψ-function as charge distribution or probability density distribution) Graph of ψ in different states Physical meaning of the concept of state and its connection with special physical variables...

... dichotomous, categorical, or continuous variables. For a dichotomous variable Y, we would like to model how the probability distribution of selecting the high level of the variable P (Y = 1) depends on a set of independent variables. To do this, an analysis very much like IRT...

... indices. Wang et al. (2012) defined reliability indices based on energy and time, Chen et al. (2012) and others introduced the loss power probability index, and Ding et al. (2011) proposed an annual expected energy production index. These indicators provide a basis...

... system with three evenly spaced energy levels above the ground state that undergoes a change shifting the energy of all four states by ΔE. Students were asked to identify changes, if any, in the partition function, the probability of a single state, and the ratio of probabilities between two states...

... this, which we will now discuss. The second author ( Jansky, 2019 ) investigated whether students' ideas on probability and randomness (that mathematics education researchers had previously documented) would also manifest when students learn about radioactivity. She developed a teaching unit on probability...

... ). Also, it helps us with the estimation of where the dissolution event is likely to happen, so we can track the microscopic properties of the system accurately. Specifically, the probability for each of the dissolution or mass transfer events to be selected is calculated using the dissolution rate...

... probability mathematical statistics models with high confidence and determining the optimal random sampling scheme. Furthermore, the processing and transformation of shale gas resources involve a large number of unit operations and process production models ( Gao et al., 2017 ). The accuracy of its...

... availability and reliability of solar radiation is critical for system analysis and optimization. From the technical perspective, there are the following widely used objectives during the optimal design of the PV systems. Loss of power supply probability (LPSP) LPSP is defined as the percentage of power...

..., dynamic risk assessment is utilized to evaluate an operational risk in advance. At every time step, we use the local SINDy model identified by the DNN to predict the process behavior up to n-time steps ahead in the future. Using this prediction, probability (P_k...

... Gürel , D. K. and Eryilmaz , A. , Hacettepe Üniv. Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi   28 ( 2 ), 234 – 245 ( 2013 ), see https://fdocuments.net/document/a-content-analysis-of-physics-textbooks-as-a-probable-a-content-analysis.html?page=1 . Härtig , H. , Science Education Review Letters...

... et al., 2019 ). It is likely that certain issues can be studied from childhood, for example, reliance on authority (Source of knowledge) is probably an elaborate dimension from early on. The social orientation in development is present early on, and authority and natural...

... Introductory College 2-tier MCT R36 Quantum Mechanics Concept Assessment (QMCA) Wave functions, Measurement, time dependence, probability, infinite square well, 1D tunneling, energy levels, spins Intro college, University, Graduate level MCT R37 Quantum Mechanics Conceptual Survey (QMCS) Wave...

...-of-physics-textbooks-as-a-probable-a-content-analysis.html?page=1 . Härtig , H. , Science Education Review Letters ( Humboldt-Universität zu   Berlin , 2014 ), pp. 1 – 7 . 10.18452/8210 Heiner , C. E.   et al. , Am. J. Phys.   82 ( 10 ), 989 – 996 ( 2014 ). 10.1119/1.4895008...

... of the imbalance between the power generation from renewable energy generators and energy demand. Reliability indices include the loss of load probability, loss of power supply probability (LPSP), renewable fraction, energy not served and renewable energy factor (REF). LPSP is defined as the percentage of power...

... nature of knowledge delivery during the pandemic probably limited the usefulness of this research in determining students' preferences for methods for communicating their ideas and reasoning. As the types of methods for communication continue to increase, physics students, like many others, are likely...