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Schematic of a MEMS <span class="search-highlight">pressure</span> sensor. On the left, we show the top view of t...
Published: March 2023
FIG. 5.1 Schematic of a MEMS pressure sensor. On the left, we show the top view of the sensor, where we can see the configuration of the four piezoresistors in the Wheatstone bridge circuit. On the right, we show the cross-sectional view of the sensor and the deflection of the sensor diaphragm under an external pressure field ( Sheela et al.) . More about this image found in Schematic of a MEMS pressure sensor. On the left, we show the top view of t...
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A schematic of a full Wheatstone bridge circuit with four variable resistor...
Published: March 2023
FIG. 5.2 A schematic of a full Wheatstone bridge circuit with four variable resistors. These resistors represent the piezoresistors mounted on the diaphragm of a MEMS pressure sensor. When the sensor diaphragm remains undeformed, the bridge is balanced, and no signal is detected between points 1 and 3. However, in the presence of an external pressure field, the diaphragm of the sensor deforms, and the resistances of the piezoresistors change. This creates an imbalance in the circuit resulting in a proportional voltage change across the bridge (between points 1 and 3), which is then measured to calculate the pressure changes (Sheela et al.). More about this image found in A schematic of a full Wheatstone bridge circuit with four variable resistor...
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Influence of mass flow rate <em>m</em><sub>IL</sub>, a number of th...
Published: March 2023
FIG. 3.12 Influence of mass flow rate mIL, a number of theoretical stages Nt (a), absorber temperature T1 (b), flash drum temperature T2 (c), and flash drum pressure P2 (d) on the water content y1 in the gas product. Reprinted with permission from Yu et al., Energy Fuels 31 (2), 1429–1439 (2017). Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society. More about this image found in Influence of mass flow rate mIL, a number of th...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_002
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... countries have set up consolidated national programs concerning gas hydrate development and utilization. NGHs are non-stoichiometric, ice-like crystalline solids composed of water and natural gas under low temperature or high-pressure conditions, which is considered as a new renewable alternative energy...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_002
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... of relativity ( Misner et al., 1973 ; and Ward, 2017 ). The stress-energy tensor may also possess off-diagonal terms when a fluid moves as a bulk in an inertial reference frame. In the component expressions of the stress-energy tensor of a perfect fluid with a bulk motion, a couple of pressure...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... impact on the environment and the economy. The conventional SMR process employs a reformer (815–900 ∘ C ), high and low temperature water–gas-shift (WGS) reactors (300-400 ∘ C ) and multiple pressure swing adsorption (PSA) units, which have an efficiency of 65% to 67% based...
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Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
.... , Pixton , D. S. , and Pink , A. P. , “ Multivariate control for managed-pressure-drilling systems by use of high-speed telemetry ,” SPE J.   21 , 459 – 470 ( 2015 ). 10.2118/170962-PA Bangi , M. S. F. , Kao , K. , and Kwon , J. S. I. , “ Physics-informed neural networks...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... as the following: heat transfer and temperature changes, boiling, thermal equilibrium and conductivity, and freezing and melting. At this point, two items were rejected for insufficient loading onto any of these factors. Two more related to boiling at different pressures but did not load on the boiling group...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... regeneration directly affects the quality of the dried natural gas product. Operating parameters during the regeneration process, such as operating temperature and pressure, significantly affect the water content in the regenerated TEG. The purity of the regenerated TEG increases with increasing regeneration...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_012
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... to drilling processes to enhance pressure control flexibility, and process safety ( Hannegan, 2007 ; Breyholtz et al., 2010 ; Godhavn et al., 2011 ; Bellout et al., 2012 ; Breyholtz and Nikolaou, 2012 ; Foss, 2012 ; Asgharzadeh Shishavan et al., 2015 ; Shishavan...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_008
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
..., Braun and McCluer (1993) reported that single flash systems in the United States typically were used with geothermal fluids having temperatures exceeding 260 C. A single flash system uses a cylindrical cyclone pressure vessel to separate the steam from the brine based on density differences induced...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
.... , “ Nanoarchitectonics: Pioneering a new paradigm for nanotechnology in materials development ,” Adv. Mater.   24 , 150 – 151 ( 2012 ). 10.1002/adma.201104614 Balzaretti , N. M. and da Jornada , J. A. H. , “ Pressure dependence of the refractive index of diamond, cubic silicon carbide and cubic boron...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_006
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... Estimation of atmospheric pressure h, A BME 280 sensor ( Datasheet BME280 ) Arduino IDE ( Arduino IDE version 1.8.9 ) Farcas and Caltun, 2021 Table 6.8 Learning outcomes and equipment in geometric optics. Topic area Learning outcome Related variables Hardware used Software...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... ( 2019 ). 10.1088/1361-6552/ab1ce1 BMP180—Atmospheric Pressure Sensor , see https://components101.com/sensors/bmp180-atmospheric-pressure-sensor Briggle , J. , Physics Education   48 , 285 – 288 ( 2013 ). 10.1088/0031-9120/48/3/285 Bryan , J. A. , “ Physics instruction...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_021
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
.... As mentioned above, crosscutting concepts (CCCs) are expected to establish meaningful connections across multiple scientific contexts ( You, 2017 ). Energy is a crosscutting concept, and unlike other quantitative concepts that are used across the sciences such as electric charge, pressure, or entropy...