... ). Therefore, a closer look on the role and responsibility of science faculties or physics department in physics teachers' education is needed ( McDermott et al., 2000 ; and Mestre, 2001 ). Looking forward, there is a growing need for research on pre-service physics teachers' PCK for concrete...

... that the screen image would re-form. Had the researchers used a pre-determined scheme that excluded either category (iii) or (iv), this important finding might not have been possible. An example of using interview data without a detailed formal coding procedure is provided by Tu et al. (2021...

.... , 2019 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings ( PERC , 2020 ). 10.1119/perc.2019.pr.Chessey Christensen , W.   et al. , CBE—Life Sci. Educ.   12 , 250 – 261 ( 2013 ). 10.1187/cbe.12-09-0142 Crouch , C. H. and Heller , K. , Am. J. Phys.   82 ( 5 ), 378 – 386...

... or occasionally videotaped. The dialog is transcribed and analyzed in detail.” They conducted over 300 of these interviews, initially drawing tasks from Piaget's research, and eventually tailoring their own speed comparison tasks that they used in pre- and post-course interviews. They identified a particular...

... stem from the 1949 reorganization and expansion that gave it its present name. That was the beginning of a sea change in medical research. Coincidentally, the year before was the date of the first modern randomized trial, the streptomycin trial ( Medical Research Council, 1948 ). Randomized clinical...

... and educational research design over the past few decades. The initial conceptual assessments, beginning in the early 1990s, stressed qualitative approaches such as clinical interviews, not as was characteristic of most science education research investigations. In recent years, however, researchers were at ease...

... consumption and increase energy efficiency to cater to the paradigm shift from the pre-Covid era to the post-Covid era. Among the many smart energy countermeasures devised, smart technologies are considerably effective in controlling energy consumption in the residential sector and have become increasingly...

... for Bioelectronics As described above, the field of bioelectronics has come a long way since Galvani's first experiments. Bioelectronic technologies are now an essential part of modern healthcare, and the future potential is boundless. A look at the ongoing clinical and pre-clinical research suggests that the field...

...FIG. 11.1 Review overview: The layers of analysis in research on concept learning in physics and other scientific domains. References References Adams , W.   et al. , Phys. Rev. Special Topics: Phys. Educ. Res.   2 , 010101 ( 2006 ). Amin , T. G. , Hum. Dev.   52 , 165 – 197...

.... , in Research-Based Reform of University Physics , edited by E. F.   Redish and P. J.   Cooney ( American Association of Physics Teachers , College Park, MD , 2007 ), Reviews in PER Vol. 1 . Bennett , M. B.   et al. , Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res.   16 ( 2 ), 020137 ( 2020 ). 10.1103...

... MEMS-based medical devices have seen exponential research and development in recent years. A few factors that have enabled the wide adoption of such devices are the progress in materials and methods of fabrication, mass-manufacture of the MEMS devices, and advancement of MEMS technology ( Basu et...

... the progress so far from the research front to industry. Types of Electronic Drug Delivery Devices There are fundamentally two types of electronic drug delivery control systems. Open-loop systems are usually pre-programmed to dispense the drug according to preset parameters. They may sometimes allow for human...

... information by different RGC channels is key in providing pre-processed sensory information to the visual cortex, which itself is organized into feature-selective columns. Contrarily to visual stimulation, electrical stimulation of the retina is non-selective and it can synchronously activate different RGC...

...Clinical Applications of Neuroelectronics Disorders of the nervous system can be diagnosed by monitoring signals in the body and treated by affecting changes in them. Therefore, bioelectronic devices that process neural signals and manipulate neurons provide promising tools for the care...