FIG. 3.12 Schematic diagram of atomic arrangement and spontaneous polarization vector in (a) Ga-face and (b) N-face crystals ( Ambacher et al., 2000 ). More about this image found in Schematic diagram of atomic arrangement and spontaneous polarization vector...

FIG. 3.19 Illustration for spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization-induced sheet charge at the AlGaN/GaN interface for Ga-faced and N-faced growth direction. More about this image found in Illustration for spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization-induced sheet c...

FIG. 3.15 Band diagrams of (a) valence band and (b) conduction band in the GaN/InGaN p–i–n structure. Carrier wavefunctions are not centrosymmetric due to polarization. E p and E n are the first bound states in the valence and conduction bands, respectively. (c) Induced sheet charge at the interfaces of QW due to polarization. More about this image found in Band diagrams of (a) valence band and (b) conduction band in the GaN/InGaN ...

FIG. 7.1 Schematic of Nye-pyramid like diagram showing various intertwined properties relating polarization, magnetization, and strain. More about this image found in Schematic of Nye-pyramid like diagram showing various intertwined propertie...

FIG. 10.9 (a) shows the time-resolved current response of multilayers for a voltage pulse of 500 ns pulse width. Inset shows the half input pulse profile for the input pulse of 1.8 V amplitude and 500 ns pulse width. (b) Polarization-time curves obtained by integrating the I–t curve of multilayer samples. (c) Voltage–time and current–time curve for individual BCZT film. (d) Polarization-time curve for individual BCZT film. More about this image found in (a) shows the time-resolved current response of multilayers for a voltage p...

FIG. 3.20 Band diagrams of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure for HEMT. Strained AlGaN is grown pseudomorphically on relaxed GaN. A positive polarization charge ( + σ ) is induced at the interface, which attracts electrons and forms 2DEG. More about this image found in Band diagrams of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure for HEMT. Strained AlGaN is ...

FIG. 7.2 (a) Schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell with indication of eight equivalent polarization directions of 〈111〉. (b) The projection of the spin tip on (111) plane of pseudocubic BFO and (c) schematic of the spin cycloidal antiferromagnetic arrangement. More about this image found in (a) Schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell with indication of eight equival...

FIG. 7.10 (a) The out-of-plane, (b) in-plane phase contrast image obtained from BFO with tetragonal phase grown on LSMO∼2 nm, and (c) the corresponding out-of-plane domain contrast obtained from the phase field modeling indicating only 〈001〉 polarization dominating the domain pattern. More about this image found in (a) The out-of-plane, (b) in-plane phase contrast image obtained from BFO w...

FIG. 7.4 (a) The schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell of BFO indicating the polarization vector pointing toward [111] direction and the schematic of the PFM tip approaching from the top, (b) out-of-plane phase contrast, and (c) in-plane phase contrast obtained from a PFM for a BFO/STO superlatti... More about this image found in (a) The schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell of BFO indicating the polari...

FIG. 7.5 (a) The schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell of BFO indicating the polarization vector pointing toward [001] direction and the schematic of the PFM tip approaching from the top, (b) out-of-plane phase contrast, and (c) in-plane phase contrast obtained from a PFM for a BFO/STO superlatti... More about this image found in (a) The schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell of BFO indicating the polari...

FIG. 7.11 (a) The out-of-plane (b) in-plane phase contrast image obtained from BFO with mixed phase (rhombohedral + tetragonal) grown on LSMO∼10 nm and (c) the corresponding out-of-plane domain contrast obtained from phase field modeling, indicating the components apart from 〈001〉 polarization eme... More about this image found in (a) The out-of-plane (b) in-plane phase contrast image obtained from BFO wi...

FIG. 2.9 (a) Energetics and density of states of BaTiO₃ (BTO) and PbTiO₃ (PTO), (b) energetics, buckling (Δ) and polarization (P) of 1T MoS₂, and (c) energetics, charge disproportionation, and octahedral distortion in Bi_2−xSr_xFeCrO₆. Reproduced with permission from Cohen, Nature 358 , 136–138 (1992). Copyright 1992 Nature Publishing Group; Chanana and Waghmare, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 , 037601 (2019). Copyright 2019 American Physical Society; and Rout and Srinivasan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 , 107201 (2019). Copyright 2019 American Physical Society. More about this image found in (a) Energetics and density of states of BaTiO₃ (BTO) and PbTiO...