... learning ( Helle et al., 2006 ). PjBL is a highly student-centered approach with the teacher acting as a facilitator of learning. The didactic approach is based on collaborative research implemented by students trying to solve real-world problems, planning their own research, scheduling...

... involving core ideas. Likewise, when implementing inquiry to be consistent with many curricula, some teachers dissociate the processes of planning and developing inquiries on the one hand and the content knowledge on the other. In other words, the combination of the three types of knowledge—content...

... Bahramara , S. , Moghaddam , M. P. , and Haghifam , M. R. , “ Optimal planning of hybrid renewable energy systems using HOMER: A review ,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.   62 , 609 – 620 ( 2016 ). 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.039 Bandyopadhyay , S. , “ Design and optimization of isolated...

.... Carefully constructing plans can help conduct a more equitable research at these later stages by thinking through known and potential challenges. Researchers in PER obtain data where participants are aware of data collection such as interviews, observations, and surveys. They also collect data via means...

... Stamatios Papadakis Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Education, University of Crete, 74100 Crete, Greece Matthaios Patrinopoulos Coordinator of 2nd Regional Center for Education Planning of Attica, Thrakomakedones, Greece Jerneja Pavlin Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, 1000...

.../aic.11579 Cafaro , D. C. , Drouven , M. G. , and Grossmann , I. E. , “ Optimization models for planning shale gas well refracture treatments ,” AIChE J.   62 ( 12 ), 4297 – 4307 ( 2016 ). 10.1002/aic.15330 Cozad , A. , Sahinidis , N. V. , and Miller , D. C...

..., for smart cities, to promote energy conservation ( Liang et al., 2020 ). With the concept of “smart earth” proposed in 2009, many countries such as the U.S., Japan, and Singapore have begun planning the development of smart cities ( Liang et al., 2020 ). FIG. 7.1 Graphical illustration...

... et al., 2021b ; ^a   Nikmah et al., 2019 ; ^a   Rufaida and Nurfadilah, 2021b ^b Lesson Plan; Schmid et al., 2021 ^b TPACK Knowledge; Bunyamin and Phang 2012 ; ^b   Efwinda and Mannan, 2021...

... tools, students invariantly play an active role by engaging with their instructors and peers. The process can be instructor-guided, where a set of procedures are planned ahead of time by an instructor, who then follows this plan to monitor and respond to student learning in real time. While a certain...

... generation forecasting using ensemble approach based on deep learning and statistical methods ,” Appl. Comput. Inform. ( 2020 ). 10.1016/j.aci.2019.11.002 Amado , M. and Poggi , F. , “ Solar urban planning: A parametric approach ,” Energy Procedia   48 , 1539 – 1548 ( 2014 ). 10.1016...

... is essential for carrying out effective interactions. Processes such as learning to recognize others’ points of view (identification) or taking the others’ perspective into account in planning and acting (reflection) need to be carried out. An important focus point for PER research is how to support...

.... , and El-Halwagi , M. M. , “ Optimal planning of infrastructure for the supply chain of shale gas ,” in Advances in Energy Systems Engineering ( Springer International Publishing , 2017 ), pp. 3 – 19 . Asgharzadeh Shishavan , R. , Hubbell , C. , Perez , H. D. , Hedengren , J. D...

... members. RPPs are perceived as a way of bridging the gap between educational research and practice. RPPs have three main aspects: (a) fostering mutualistic relationships between researchers and practitioners who are working toward a shared goal; (b) co-design and collaborative planning of teaching...

.... Didactics of Science II includes 15 h of lectures, 12 h of exercises, and 3 h for planning, independent implementation and evaluation of a lesson in a primary school. The focus of the course Didactics of Science II is on systematic planning to achieve curricular objectives, assessment of science knowledge...

... authentic problems in their discipline and developed a decision framework involving 29 distinct decisions that were common across science and engineering disciplines. Many of these decisions closely relate to what has been discussed here, e.g., framing and planning the problem, interpreting and choosing...

... opportunities for pre-service teachers to link their diverse knowledge bases during pre-service teacher education in a way that allows it to be used for planning, teaching and reflecting on instruction (see also Eldar et al., 2012 ). The importance of reflection and practical experiences for PCK...

... epistemological analysis can be related to inaccurate or incorrect conceptual approaches that can be present even when the general goal is coherent with the study plan. See, among others, “the clarification and analysis of science subject matter” proposed by Duit et al. (2012) or “analysis...