Search Results for oxygen reduction reaction

... explanation is that the WGS reaction (CO + H₂O = CO₂ + H₂) is enhanced due to CO₂ adsorption. As a result, the partial pressures of both CO and CO₂ decrease. Even though the reduction in CO₂ is more than the one in CO, the Boudouard reaction (2...

... the model is discussed. In Sec. 11.4 , ideas of state estimation and model reduction are discussed. In Sec. 11.5 , the MPC formulation utilized to obtain optimal input trajectories is shown. In Sec. 11.6 , results for model simulation and closed-loop control are presented. Finally, in Sec. 11.7...

... ). 10.1016/j.pecs.2006.06.001 Doyle III , F. J. and Kayihan , F. , “ Reaction profile control of the continuous pulp digester ,” Chem. Eng. Sci.   54 ( 13 ), 2679 – 2688 ( 1999 ). 10.1016/S0009-2509(98)00363-7 Floch , A. L. , Jourdes , M. , and Teissedre , P. L...

... results show an oxygen lost on the etched surface and a surface reconstruction is also observed in the TEM images. (Fig. 9.9 ) Thus, the reduced SBH is attributed to the reduction of oxygen composition and crystal reconstruction at the MacEtched surface. FIG. 9.9 XPS characterization of surface...

... (identifying MC) is modified with basic copper carbonate (BCC), which can suffer a loss in weight on reaction with H₂S. Thus, H₂S adsorption will cause a mass loading on the sensing MC and mass reduction on the identifying MC leading to opposite resonant frequency shifts, with a decrease...

..., the latter two Ga sources are widely used for the growth of Ga₂O₃ by MOCVD. High purity (≥5N) oxygen gas is generally used to grow Ga₂O₃ in the MOCVD process. Proper design of the MOCVD reactor is critical for preventing undesirable gas-phase reactions between...

... the oxygen reduction activity. Free standing cantilever-based thermal accelerometer device has been fabricated by the ALD technique by depositing thin films of platinum, which showed greater stability and accuracy ( Everhart et al., 2018 ). The ALD-based technique has many improvements compared...

... minimal oxygen partial pressure to stabilize it. Growth in an oxidizing environment at temperatures exceeding 1800 °C requires the use of a crucible made from a refractory metal. However, nearly all metals with very high melting points (Ir, Mo, Rh, Re, Ta, W) are subject to oxygen attack. Iridium...

..., DyFe₃, Dy₆Fe₂₃, and Dy₂Fe₁₇. The phase with giant magnetostrictive property, i.e., DyFe₂ forms by a peritectic reaction of L + DyFe₃→DyFe₂ at 1270 °C and at composition of 33.5 at. % of Dy. The peritectic product phase...

.... Additionally, the use of a cryopump in ozone MBE would lead to the rapid buildup of ozone on the cryo panel, which is typically kept at 8–15 K. Because of this, turbo pumps are typically used for ozone MBE. While the reaction between oxygen and Ga may be different for ozone MBE growth, there are similarities...

... separation ( Lei et al., 2014a ; and Zeng et al., 2017 ), extractive distillation ( Lei et al., 2014d ; and Fang et al., 2016 ), liquid–liquid extraction ( Song et al., 2018 ; 2019 ), and homogeneous or heterogeneous catalytic reactions ( Huang et al...

... the same for a reaction irrespective of the electrolytic medium is acidic or alkaline. 2D catalysts for various processes like oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), CO reduction, and CO₂ reduction reaction can be identified similarly by analyzing the reaction...

... on a sequence of interdiffusion and interfacial reactions. Upon annealing Ti tends to diffuse downward into the Ga₂O₃ region where it captures oxygen from Ga₂O₃ by substituting Ga atoms. The substituted Ga in turn moves upward and reacts with Ti to form a thin...

... of ZnO using various oxygen precursors ,” J. Cryst. Growth   248 , 20 – 24 ( 2003 ). 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01866-3 Kita , K. , Suzuki , S. , Nomura , H. , Takahashi , T. , Nishimura , T. , and Toriumi , A. , “ Direct evidence of GeO volatilization from GeO₂/Ge...

.... In a later work, they developed a biosolar cell by combining a thylakoid-based bioanode with an enzymatic biocathode ( Pankratova et al., 2017 ). The biocathode converted oxygen, which is produced when thylakoids are excited in the biophotoanode, to water via an oxygen reduction reaction. The cell...

... , T. , Lin , C.-H. , Nakata , Y. , and Higashiwaki , M. , “ Reduction in leakage current through interface between Ga₂O₃ epitaxial layer and substrate by ion implantation doping of compensating impurities ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   117 ( 19 ), 193502 ( 2020...