... not only the linear momentum but also the optical angular momentum from beams having spin [circularly polarized ( Zhao et al., 2009 )] or orbital angular momentum ( Friese et al., 1996 ). The trapping of absorbing particles in air using single beam tweezers has not been demonstrated due...

... I_c Current H Humidity F Force F_o Resonance frequency M Types of materials V_vol Volume O Optical components Table 6.2 Learning outcomes and equipment in kinematics. Topic area...

... resolution position sensors: Operation and performance ,” Sens. Actuators A   190 , 106 – 126 ( 2013 ). 10.1016/j.sna.2012.10.016 Friese , M. E. J. , Enger , J. , Rubinsztein-Dunlop , H. , and Heckenberg , N. R. , “ Optical angular-momentum transfer to trapped absorbing particles...

... MCT R1 R2 Mechanic Baseline Test (MBT) Force, kinematics, energy, momentum High school, Introductory college MCT R3 Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE) Force, kinematics, energy High school, Introductory college MCT R4 Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics (TUG-K...

... = ma Torque τ = Iα Linear momentum p = mv Angular momentum L = Iω Work W = Fs Work W = τθ Kinetic energy E k = ( 1 2 ) m v 2 Kinetic energy E k = ( 1 2...

... _,m, which is obtained by noting that the wavefunction with angular momentum, m is peaked on a circular ring of radius, r = l B 2 m . The number of states in an area, A = πR² is N = π R 2 / π r 2 ≃ e B A / 2 π ℏ...

...References References Bachau , H. , Cormier , E. , Decleva , P. , Hansen , J. E. , and Martin , F. , Rep. Prog. Phys.   64 , 1815 ( 2001 ). 10.1088/0034-4885/64/12/205 Biedenharn , L. C. and Louck , J. D. , Angular Momentum in Quantum Physics ( Cambridge...

... of the angular momentum operator: R ( d ϕ ) = e − ı d ϕ l ^ z → e ı d ϕ l ^ z h ^ a e − ı d ϕ l ^ z = h ^ a , [ e ı d ϕ l ^ z , h ^ a ] = 0 , and because dϕ ≪ 1, we have e...

..., the angular momentum, L (= r × p ) commutes with P . In a 3D orthogonal coordinate system, one can invert it about any of the axes. For example, in a Cartesian coordinate system, I. an inversion about the z-axis is denoted as σ_h(xy). II...

...) , and Zitelli et al. (2022) . Collisions between such solitons were studied, theoretically and experimentally, by Sun et al. (2022) . The realization of the optical angular momentum in the multimode propagation of light was studied, in particular, by Ma et al. (2021) . The use...

... < ∞ , where Z_e is the atomic number and l is the quantum number characterizing the eigenvalues of the squared angular momentum ℓ ^ 2 (in units of ℏ 2 ). The nature of the electron’s motion (bound or unbound) depends critically on the sign of its...

...optical angular momentum vortex solitons photorefractive crystals photonic lattice ordinary and extraordinary polarization of light surface solitons semi-discrete solitons light bullets quasi-solitons Anderson localization 2D Vortex Solitons Stabilized by Virtual Photonic Lattices...