FIG. 2.7 Optical absorption coefficients obtained using DFT for (a) GB structures, (b) MoS₂/AlN bilayer heterostructure, and (c) Co₃O₄. Reproduced with permission from Raghunathan et al., Nano Lett. 14 , 4943–4950 (2014). Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society; Li et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20 , 29131–29141 (2018). Copyright 2018 Royal Society of Chemistry; and Smartm et al., Phys. Rev. Mater. 3 , 102401(R) (2019). Copyright 2019 American Physical Society. More about this image found in Optical absorption coefficients obtained using DFT for (a) GB structures, (...

FIG. 4.4 Cross sections through the 2D optical pump—THz probe data of equilibrium conductivity of VO₂ with predominant components of (a) P, phonon resonances and (b) E, electronic conductivity ( Kübler et al., 2007 ). More about this image found in Cross sections through the 2D optical pump—THz probe data of equilibrium co...

FIG. 4.7 (a) Optical image of VO₂ beam with one side clamped on quartz substrate ( Fan et al., 2009 ); (b) optical image of VO₂ beam on bending from the edge, shows initiation of phase transition (arrow marked) ( Fan et al., 2009 ); and (c) force v/s bending displacement plot, shows the nucleation of R phase at the kinks (arrow marked) with displacement ( Fan et al., 2009 ). More about this image found in (a) Optical image of VO₂ beam with one side clamped on quartz su...

FIG. 6.19 Top and tiled optical views of the cantilever structure along with tip deflection ( Bansal et al., 2019 ). More about this image found in Top and tiled optical views of the cantilever structure along with tip defl...

FIG. 7.18 (a) Micromachined interferometric accelerometer showing the two optical beams, one from the diffraction grating and second from the mirror, which will interfere at the photodetector. (b) SiN nanobeam pair acting as “zipper” photonic crystal optomechanical cavity for accelerometry ( Krause et al., 2012 ). (c) Microdisk coupled to cantilever acting as a force sensor ( Doolin et al., 2014 ). The cantilever can deflect in both out-of-plane and in-plane mechanical modes. This results in the modulation of the disk's optical resonance frequency and is read out optically using a coupled fiber. (d) Split beam nano-cavity torque sensor ( Wu et al., 2014 ) showing the three degrees of freedom. One is out-of-plane rotation of the suspended mirror about the torsion beam, the second is in-plane bending about the torsion beam, and the third is out-of-plane bending of the cantilever mirror. More about this image found in (a) Micromachined interferometric accelerometer showing the two optical bea...

FIG. 7.25 (a) Optomechanical crystal tightly confined mechanical and optical resonances at the same physical location. This is achieved using photonic crystals to confine light and acoustic bandgap structure to confine mechanical vibrations ( Meenehan et al., 2014 ). (b) Basic setup of optical tweezer ( Ashkin et al., 1986 ) incoming spatially filtered laser beam focused using a microscope on a particle in a liquid. The focused beam undergoes reflections R₁ and R₂ and refraction by the sphere, resulting in a net upward force F_A on the particle. More about this image found in (a) Optomechanical crystal tightly confined mechanical and optical resonanc...

FIG. 1.10 Optical see-through and video see-through head-mounted display ( Azuma et al., 2001 ). More about this image found in Optical see-through and video see-through head-mounted display ( Azuma

FIG. 7.14 (a) A waveguide switch operated by moving a waveguide into and out of the beam path between two waveguides. (b) Waveguide translation used to perform optical path routing ( Stepanovsky, 2019 ). More about this image found in (a) A waveguide switch operated by moving a waveguide into and out of the b...

FIG. 7.20 (a) Optomechanical effect with gradient force due to evanescent field coupled to mechanical vibration, studied in a piezoelectric AlN optical waveguide ( Dong et al., 2013b ; and Xiong et al., 2013 ). More about this image found in (a) Optomechanical effect with gradient force due to evanescent field coupl...

FIG. 4.5 (a) AFM topography images of VO₂ nanplatelets taken during heating from 50 to 61 °C ( Tselev et al., 2010a ); (b) schematic shows the relationship between the unit cells of monoclinic (M1) and tetragonal phase (R); and (c) bright field optical microscope image of VO₂ platelets below and above phase transition temperature, dark contrast shows the metallic phase of VO₂ ( Tselev et al., 2010b ). More about this image found in (a) AFM topography images of VO₂ nanplatelets taken during heati...

FIG. 7.12 (a) Strain in the waveguide resulting in a change in the effective index. (b) Cross-sectional views of different phase shifters implemented using the relative movement of a non-phase matched loading section resulting in a change in the effective index or attenuation due to proximity. (c)... More about this image found in (a) Strain in the waveguide resulting in a change in the effective index. (...

FIG. 7.11 (a) Gradient force between evanescently coupled freestanding waveguides ( Cai et al., 2012 ) resulting in bending. (b) Radiation pressure-based actuation using momentum transfer from reflected photons in a Fabry–Perot cavity to study the coupling of optomechanical effect with mechanical motion/vibration ( Kippenberg and Vahala, 2008 ). (c) Electrically and optically heated hot-arm cold-arm type actuator ( Serrano and Phinney, 2008 ). More about this image found in (a) Gradient force between evanescently coupled freestanding waveguides ( C...